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πονηρὸς εἶ καὶ θ

  • 1 πονηρός

    πονηρός, eigtl. Arbeit, Mühe, Drangsal habend od. machend; dah. – a) im physischen Sinne, Noth machend, lästig; Theogn. 274; ὅτι χρηστὸν ἢ πονηρὸν περὶ τὸ σῶμα, Plat. Prot. 313 d; gew. pass., Noth leidend, unglücklich; so heißt Herakles πονηρότατος καὶ ἄριστος, Hes. frg. 43, 5; von Sachen, in schlechtem Zustande, unbrauchbar, verdorben, τροφή, Plat. Legg. III, 735 b; δίαιτα, Rep. IV, 425 e; διὰ πονηράν τινα ἕξιν τοῦ σώματος, Tim. 86 d; καὶ ἄχρηστοι, Legg. XII, 950 b; αὐλοί, im Ggstz von χρηστοί, Rep. X, 601 e; so auch σιτία, Gorg. 464 d; wie καρπός, im Ggstz von καλός, Matth. 7, 17; πονηρῶς δίεκειτο, von einem Sterbenden, καὶ οὐδεμίαν ἔλπίδα εἶχε τοῦ βίου, Isocr. 1, 9, 12; πονηρῶς ἔχειν, Luc. Alex. 16. Von einer schlimmen Lage sagt Thuc. 8, 97 ἐκ πονηρῶν τῶν πραγμάτων γενομένων τοῦτο πρῶτον ἀνήνεγκε τὴν πόλιν, vgl. 8, 24, ἃ πονηρῶς ἔχει τῶν πραγμάτων, Lys. 14, 35. – Häufiger b) in moralischem Sinne, schlecht, boshaft u. dgl.; μήτ' ἐπιζευχϑῇς στόμα φήμαις πονηραῖς, Aesch. Ch. 1041; πόλεμος οὐδέν' ἄνδρ' ἑκὼν αἱρεῖ πονηρόν, Soph. Phil. 435; Eur. Hec. 596 sagt ὁ πονηρὸς οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν κακός; vgl. πονηρῷ χρήσεται κριτῇ, El. 374; auch τελετὰς πονηράς, Bacch. 260; κέρδη, Cycl. 311; πονηρὸς κἀκ πονηρῶν, Ar. Equ. 336 u. öfter; auch πονηρὸς πόῤῥω τέχνης, Vesp. 192; u. in Prosa: Plat. Conv. 183 d; τὸν ἄδικον καὶ πονηρὸν ἄϑλιον εἶναί φημι, Gorg. 469 e; τὰ ἔργα πονηρότερα ἐργάσεται, Rep. IV, 421 d; feig, Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 19; τοῖς φίλοις, schlecht gegen die Freunde, 8, 4, 33; aber πονηρὰ χρώματα, 5, 2, 34, ist blasse, Furcht verrathende Farbe; auch στασιάζειν καὶ πονηροὺς εἶναι πρὸς ἀλλήλους, An. 1, 7, 39, aufsässig, feindlich gegen einander; εἰπεῖν πᾶν πονηρὸν κατά τινος, Matth. 5, 11. – Wie Schol. Luc. Alex. 16 sagt Ἀττικοὶ ἐπὶ σωματικῆς διαϑέσεως ὀξύνουσι τὸ πονηρός, wird nach Arcad. p. 71, 16 Eust. zu Il. 2, 764 (vgl. Reiz de acc. incl. p. 168 u. B. A. II p. 678) bei den Attikern πόνηρος betont, wo es die Bedeutung unglücklich hat, vgl. Lob. zu Phryn. 389 u. μόχϑηρος. – Nach Cram. Anecd. Ox. 1 p. 372 sollen neuere Comödiendichter das Wort auch als comp. aus πονεῖν u. ἐρᾶν gebraucht haben, wohl Wortspiel.

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  • 2 πονηρός

    πονηρός, ά, όν (s. πονέω, πόνος; Hes., Thu.+) comp. πονηρότερος Mt 12:45; Lk 11:26; superl. πονηρότατος (Diod S 14, 4, 2; PRyl III, 493, 89) Hm 3:5.—Freq. in Gk. lit. the opp. of ἀγαθός/καλός or χρηστός.
    ① pert. to being morally or socially worthless, wicked, evil, bad, base, worthless, vicious, degenerate
    ⓐ as adj.
    α. of humans or transcendent beings (since Trag. and Ps.-X., Rep. Ath. 1, 1; Is 9:16; Sir 25:16, 25; TestJob 43:5; ApcMos 21 γύναι; Philo, Joseph., Just.) ὁ πον. ἄνθρωπος (Plut., Alcib. 196 [13, 4]; cp. GrBar 13:1, 3; Philo, Exsecr. 149; Jos., Ant. 7, 291; Just., A II, 12, 3) Mt 12:35a; Lk 6:45a (where ἄνθρωπος is to be supplied); cp. 2 Th 3:2; 2 Ti 3:13. δοῦλος πον. (Comp. 120; Jos., Ant. 2, 55; 16, 296) Mt 18:32; 25:26; Lk 19:22 (cp. PFouad 25 verso I, 2 [II A.D.] address to an incompetent helper); γενεὰ πον. Mt 12:39, 45b; 16:4; Lk 11:29.—Mt 12:34. ἄνδρες πον. rowdies, ruffians Ac 17:5. People are called πονηροί in contrast to God Mt 7:11 (here the component of class distinction finds dramatic expression); Lk 11:13 (Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 18, 82 ἀληθέστατον … πονηροὶ οἱ ἄνθρωποι).—Of hostile spirits τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ πονηρόν (Cat. Cod. Astr. X 180, 16; 186, 4; cp. EGoodspeed, The Harrison Papyri, no. 1, 7: ClPh 5, 1910, 321) Ac 19:15f. Pl. (Cyranides p. 51, 14; Just., D. 30, 2 al.) Lk 7:21; 8:2; Ac 19:12f. Of the evil spirit that contends w. the Holy Spirit for a place in the human soul (cp. 1 Km 16:14–23) Hm 5, 1, 2 and 3. ἄγγελος πον. B 9:4 (Just., A II, 9, 4, D. 105, 3; cp. Paus. Attic. τ, 18 and Just., A I, 66, 4 πονηροὶ δαίμονες; Julian p. 371, 5; 11 Hertlein δαίμονες πονηροί; PLips 34 recto, 8 [375 A.D.] π. δαίμων. Did., Gen. 45, 4 αἱ π. δυνάμεις). ὁ πονηρὸς ἄρχων 4:13 (ἄρχων 1c).
    β. of things βουλή (Menand., Mon. 134 [568 Mei.]) B 6:7 (Is 3:9); 19:3; D 2:6; Hv 1, 2, 4b (βουλή 1). διαλογισμοί Mt 15:19; Js 2:4 (διαλογισμός 2). διδαχή Hm 6, 2, 7 (παντὶ ἔργῳ is dat. of disadvantage [Schwyzer II 150f]). δόλος (SIG 693, 6 [129 B.C.]) IEph 7:1. ἐπιθυμία (-αι: Dio Chrys. 4, 89) 2 Cl 16:2; Hv 1, 1, 8b; 1, 2, 4c; Hs 6, 2, 1 and oft. ἔργον 2 Ti 4:18; Hv 1, 2, 4b. (TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 28 [Stone p. 14] w. opp. ἀγαθόν.) ἔργα J 3:19; 7:7; Col 1:21; 1J 3:12b; 2J 11; Hv 3, 7, 6; 3, 8, 4 al. θησαυρός Mt 12:35b; Lk 6:45b (here θης. is to be supplied fr. the context). καρδία (ApcMos 13; cp. Menand., Fgm. 540, 8 [=538 Kö.], ψυχή) 1 Cl 3:4; καρδία πονηρὰ ἀπιστίας (gen. of quality; s. Schwyzer under πονηρία; B-D-F §165; definition Mlt. 74) Hb 3:12. καταλαλιά Hm 2:3. Arrogant καύχησις Js 4:16; λόγοι π. malicious words (Menand., Mon. 822 [542 Mei.]) 3J 10. Of the ὁδὸς τοῦ θανάτου D 5:1; cp. B 4:10 (PsSol 10:1). ὀφθαλμὸς π. (ὀφθαλμός 1 and s. 3 below) Mt 20:15; Mk 7:22. πρᾶγμα (Menand., Epitr. 1107 S. [749 Kö.]; Fgm. 530 Kö.; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 5 [Stone p. 10]; Tat. 17, 3) Hv 1, 1, 8a; ῥᾳδιούργημα π. Ac 18:14. ῥῆμα π. slanderous, evil word (SIG 1175, 16; Jdth 8:8, 9) Mt 5:11 v.l. (the ῥ. is ‘bad’ because of the content consisting, as the context indicates, of false charges); Hs 5, 3, 6; συνείδησις π. evil, guilty conscience Hb 10:22 (the conscience is not itself intrinsically bad, but evil deeds load it with a bad content; B 19:12; D 4:14; Hm 3:4; ὑπόνοιαι π. 1 Ti 6:4. Cp. Ac 25:18 v.l. τὸ πονηρότατον ψεῦσμα the most wicked sin of lying Hm 3:5. Of a Christian’s name ἐκβάλλειν τὸ ὄνομα ὡς πονηρόν spurn the name as vile (i.e as held only by worthless persons) Lk 6:22 (cp. Ath. 2, 2).—In the judgment of Christians a close connection w. sin is the chief characteristic of this age: ἐκ τοῦ αἰῶνος τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος πονηροῦ Gal 1:4. Cp. αἱ ἡμέραι πονηραί εἰσιν Eph 5:16.—B 2:1. Sg. Eph 6:13.
    ⓑ as subst.
    α. wicked or evil-intentioned person, evildoer (Dt 21:21; Esth 7:6; Just., A I, 27, 1; Ath. 2, 3; Theoph. Ant. 2, 37 [p. 198, 22]) ὁ πονηρός (the art. is generic) Mt 5:39; 1 Cor 5:13 (Dt 17:7, cp. 19:19 al.; PZaas, JBL 103, ’84, 259–61); B 19:11 v.l. (but τὸ πον. in text).—Pl. πονηροὶ καὶ ἀγαθοί (cp. Philo, Praem. 3; Jos., Ant. 6, 307; 8, 314 God ἀγαπᾷ τ. ἀγαθούς, μισεῖ δὲ τ. πονηρούς; Iren. 1, 24, 2 [Harv. I 198, 4]) Mt 5:45; 22:10. Opp. οἱ δίκαιοι 13:49 (cp. T. Kellis 22, 48f). W. οἱ ἀχάριστοι (s. ἀχάριστος; also Lucian, Timon 48, perh. fr. comedy [III p. 654 Kock]) Lk 6:35. W. ἁμαρτωλοί B 4:2.
    β. ὁ πονηρός the evil one=the devil (who is not defined as a sinner but as one who is morally destructive) Mt 13:19; J 17:15; Eph 6:16; 1J 2:13f; 5:18, 19 (κεῖμαι 3d); B 2:10; B 21:3; MPol 17:1; AcPlCor 2:2, 15) ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ εἶναι be a child of the evil one (ἐκ 3a, end) 1J 3:12a; cp. οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ Mt 13:38, in case πον. is masc. here.—The gen. τοῦ πονηροῦ Mt 5:37; 6:13 can also be taken as masc. (it is so taken by Ps.-Clem., Hom. 3, 55 p. 51, 19; 21; Tertullian, Cyprian, Origen, Chrysostom; KFritzsche, JWeiss; s. also Schniewind on Mt 6:13; Weymouth, Goodsp.;—it is taken as a neut. [s. γ] by Augustine: WMangold, De Ev. sec. Mt 6:13, 1886; BWeiss, Zahn, Wlh.; Harnack, SBBerlAk 1907, 944; PFiebig, D. Vaterunser 1927, 92; Betz, SM 380f; 405–13; Mft., NRSV marg.); Lk 11:4 v.l.; 2 Th 3:3; D 8:2. These passages may also belong under
    γ. τὸ πονηρόν (that which is) evil Lk 6:45c; Ro 12:9; 1 Th 5:22 (sim. Plut., Mor. 82c; s. also εἶδος 2); B 19:11. πᾶν πον. every kind of evil Mt 5:11; ποιεῖν τὸ πονηρὸν ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ κυρίου (cp. Dt 17:2; 4 Km 21:2, 20) Hm 4, 2, 2; cp. Ac 5:4 v.l.; 1 Cl 18:4 (Ps 50:6). τὸ πονηρὸν τοῦτο this shameful deed GJs 13:1. ἀγρυπνεῖν εἰς τὸ π. D 5:2 and ἐπὶ τὸ π. B 20:2 s. ἀγρυπνέω 2. ἐλάλησέν τι περὶ σοῦ πονηρόν Ac 28:21 (cp. JosAs 6:6).—Pl. wicked thoughts, evil deeds (Gen 6:5; 8:21) Mt 9:4; 12:35c; Mk 7:23; Lk 3:19; J 3:20 v.l.; Ac 25:18; 2 Cl 8:2. δύο καὶ πονηρά two evil things B 11:2 (Jer 2:13 v.l.).—πονηρόν ἐστίν τινι it is bad for someone Hm 5, 1, 4.—ῥύσασθαι ἀπὸ παντὸς πονηροῦ D 10, 5.
    ② pert. to being so deficient in quality in a physical sense as to be worthless, of poor quality, worthless (X., Pla. et al.) καρποί (Ael. Aristid. 23, 57K.=42 p. 787 D.) Mt 7:17f (the same idea 13:48; cp. Jer 24:8 τὰ σῦκα τὰ πονηρά).
    ③ pert. to being in an unhealthy condition physically
    ⓐ in ref. to a part of the body sick (Pla., Prot. 313a σῶμα; πονηρῶς ἔχειν ‘be badly off’, ‘be ill’ since Thu. 7, 83, 3) of the eye (cp. Pla., Hipp. Min. 374d πονηρία ὀφθαλμῶν) Mt 6:23; Lk 11:34 (Weizsäcker, BWeiss, HHoltzmann, Fitzmyer, Goodsp., NRSV. But see s.v. ἁπλοῦς, λύχνος b, ὀφθαλμός 1, also 1aβ above and the four articles ET 53, ’42, 181f; 354f; 54, ’42, 26; 26f).
    ⓑ in ref. to the status of some ailment painful, virulent, serious (since Theognis 274) ἕλκος sore, ulcer (Dt 28:35; Job 2:7) Rv 16:2.—See Lofthouse s.v. κακός, end; WBrandt, ZNW 14, 1913, 189ff.—DELG s.v. πένομαι. M-M. TW.

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  • 3 πονηρός

    πονηρός, ά, όν, in physical sense,
    A oppressed by toils, πονηρότατος καὶ ἄριστος, of Heracles, Hes.Frr.138,139.
    2 of things, toilsome, painful, grievous,

    ἔργα Hom.Epigr.14.20

    ;

    νούσων πονηρότερον Thgn. 274

    ;

    φορτίον Ar.Pl. 352

    .
    II in bad case, in sorry plight, useless, good-for-nothing, σύμμαχοι ib. 220, cf. Nu. 102;

    στράτευμα X.An.3.4.34

    ;

    ἰατρός Antipho 4.2.4

     (v.l. for μοχθηρός) ; κύων, ἱππάριον, Pl. Euthd. 298d, X.Cyr.1.4.19; δίαιτα, τροφή, σιτία, injurious, Pl.R. 425e, Lg. 735b, Grg. 464d, etc.;

    π. ἕξις σώματος Id.Ti. 86e

    ; π. σῶμα, opp. χρηστόν, Id.Prt. 313a, cf.R. 341e; π. σκώμματα sorry jests, Ar.Nu. 542;

    π. βούλευμα Id.Lys. 517

     ([comp] Comp.); π. πράγματα a bad state of things, Th.8.97, cf. 24; π. ἀρχὴ τῆς παιδείας a bad beginning, Aeschin.1.11;

    π. τὴν ναυτιλίαν ναυτίλλεσθαι Pl.R. 551c

    ;

    π. πολιτεία Arist.Pol. 1294b38

    . Adv., - ρῶς ἔχειν to be in bad case, Th.7.83, etc.;

    ἂ πονηρῶς ἔχει τῶν πραγμάτων Lys.14.35

    ; π. διακεῖσθαι, διατεθῆναι, Isoc. 19.12, D.59.55.
    III in moral sense, worthless, knavish, φήμη, βίος, ζόη, A.Ch. 1045, Frr.90,401, etc.;

    οὐδεὶς ἑκὼν π. Epich.78

    ;

    π. ἦθος Democr.192

    ; πονηρὸς.. κἀκ πονηρῶν rogue and son of rogues, Ar.Eq. 336-7; ὦ πόνῳ πονηρέ in a comic jingle, Id.V. 466, cf. Lys. 350; π. πόρρω τέχνης past master in knavery, Id.V. 192;

    π. τοῖς φίλοις X.Cyr.8.4.33

    ;

    πρὸς ἀλλήλους Id.An.7.1.39

    ;

    π. λόγων ἀκρίβεια Antipho 3.3.3

    ;

    πονηρότεροι σύμβουλοι Id.5.71

    ; π. [ῥῆμα] malicious, Ev.Matt.5.11;

    τὰ π.

     wickednesses,

    X.Cyr.2.2.25

    ;

    πονηρὰ δρᾶσαι E.Hec. 1190

    ;

    τὸ π. LXX De.17.2

    ; δόλῳ πονηρῷ, Lat. dolo malo, SIG693.6 (Methymna, ii B.C.); ὁ π. the evil one, Ev.Matt.13.19;

    π. δαίμων PLips.34.8

     (iv A.D.), etc.
    2 base, cowardly, S.Ph. 437, etc.; π. χρώματα, i.e. the coward's hue, X.Cyr.5.2.34 (interpol.).
    3 with a political connotation, of the baser sort, E.Supp. 424;

    οἱ λεγόμενοι π. Pl.R. 519a

    ; opp. καλοὶ κἀγαθοί, Isoc.15.100,316, cf. Ar.Eq. 186.—On the variation of accent, πονηρός and πόνηρος, v. μοχθηρός fin.

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  • 4 πονηρός

    πονηρός, eigtl. Arbeit, Mühe, Drangsal habend od. machend; (a) im physischen Sinne: Not machend, lästig; pass., Not leidend, unglücklich; so heißt Herakles: πονηρότατος καὶ ἄριστος; von Sachen: in schlechtem Zustande, unbrauchbar, verdorben; πονηρῶς δίεκειτο, von einem Sterbenden; (b) in moralischem Sinne: schlecht, boshaft; τοῖς φίλοις, schlecht gegen die Freunde; πονηρὰ χρώματα, blasse, Furcht verratende Farbe; στασιάζειν καὶ πονηροὺς εἶναι πρὸς ἀλλήλους, aufsässig, feindlich gegen einander; unglücklich

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  • 5 θρασύς

    θρασύς, εῖα, ύ, fem. ϑρασέα Philem. in B. A. 99, 24, kühn, tapfer; bei Hom. Beiwort mehrerer Helden, wie Hektor, Il. 8, 89; ϑρασὺς πόλεμος 6, 254. 10, 28 Od. 4, 146; ϑρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν Il. 17, 662, öfter; σϑένος, καρδία, Pind. N. 5, 39 P. 10, 44; ἔργα N. 10, 3; κύνες I. 1, 13; ἐλπίς Thuc. 7, 77; ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ ϑρ. Her. 7, 49; Aesch. Ἄρη ἐμφύλιόν τε καὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ϑρασύν, Eum. 825, öfter; im tadelnden Sinne, wie öfter bei den Folgdn, frech, φϑογγῇ δ' ἑπέσϑω πρῶτα μὲν τὸ μὴ ϑρασύ Suppl. 194; ἄνδρα γλώσσῃ ϑρασύν Soph. Ai. 1121; ἔν τινι 1294; κακοὺς ὄντας πρὸς αἰχμήν, ἐν δὲ τοῖς λόγοις ϑρασεῖς Phil. 1291, öfter, vgl. El. 511. 1438; Phil. 106 οὐκ ἆρ' ἐκείνῳ γ' οὐδὲ προςμῖξαι ϑρασύ, gefahrlos, sicher; μάταιος, ἀνομίᾳ ϑρασύς Eur. I. T. 275; Ar. Equ. 181 πονηρὸς εἶ καὶ ϑρασύς; Plat. vrbdí οἱ ϑρασεῖς καὶ οἱ μαινόμενοι, Prot. 360 b, u. ϑρ. καὶ ἄδικοι καὶ ὑβρισταί, Legg. I, 630 b; vgl. noch Lach. 197 b, wo es neben ἀνδρεῖος steht; noch mehr tadelnd, neben φϑορεὺς τῶν νέων, D. L. 4, 40; Arist. eth. 2, 7 erkl. ὁ ἐν τῷ ϑαῤῥεῖν ὑπερβεβηκώς. Vgl. übrigens ϑράσος. – Adv., ϑρασέως Ar. Vesp. 1031, ϑρασύτερον Thuc. 8, 103, ϑρασύτατα D. Sic. 17, 44.

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  • 6 θρασύς

    θρᾰσύς, εῖα, ύ, fem. θρασέα, metri gr., Philem.20 (s.v.l.):—
    A bold, chiefly of persons, Il.8.89, etc.; also

    θ. πόλεμος 6.254

    , 10.28, Od.4.146;

    θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν 5.434

    , Il.17.662, al.;

    θ. καρδία Pi.P.10.44

    ;

    πούς Ar.Ra. 330

    (lyr.);

    ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ ἔργῳ θρασύς Hdt.7.49

    ; ἡ ἐλπὶς θρασεῖα τοῦ μέλλοντος full of confidence, Th.7.77;

    θρασὺς τὸ ἦθος Arist.Pol. 1315a11

    .
    2 more freq. in bad sense, over-bold, rash,

    σὺν δ' ὁ θ. εἵπετ' Ὀδυσσεύς Od.10.436

     (Sch. προπετής)

    ; Γοργόνες Pi.P.12.7

    ; audacious, arrogant, insolent, A.Pr. 180 (lyr.), Ar.Nu. 445 (anap.), etc.; Ἄρης.. πρὸς ἀλλήλους θ., of civil war, A.Eu. 863; γλώσσῃ θ. S.Aj. 1142;

    ἐν τοῖς λόγοις Id.Ph. 1307

    ;

    ἐπὶ τῶν λόγων D.Prooem.32

    ; ἀνομίᾳ θ. E.IT 275; πονηρὸς εἶ καὶ θ. Ar.Eq. 181;

    θρασεῖς καὶ ἄδικοι καὶ ὑβρισταί Pl.Lg. 630b

    ;

    ἀλαζὼν ὁ θ. καὶ προσποιητικὸς ἀνδρείας Arist.EN 1115b29

    ; [ὅμοιόν τι ἔχει] ὁ θ. τῷ θαρραλέῳ ib. 1151b7; τὸ μὴ θ. modesty, A.Supp. 197: [comp] Comp.

    - ύτερος Pl.La. 184b

    , Phld.Lib.p.61 O.: [comp] Sup.

    - ύτατος Isoc.12.133

    , etc.
    III Adv.

    - έως Ar.V. 1031

    , etc.: [dialect] Aeol. [full] θροσέως Jo.Gramm. Comp.2.1: [comp] Comp. θρασύτερον too boldly, Th.8.103;

    - τέρως Phalar.Ep.34

    : [comp] Sup.

    θρασύτατα Th.8.84

     and (with v.l. -άτως) D.S.17.44: neut. as Adv.,

    ἀναιδὲς καὶ θρασὺ βλέπειν Cratin.24

     D. (I.-E. dhers- in θέρσος (older than θάρσος and θράσος), dhṛs- in θρασύς, Skt. dhṛ[snull ]ṇú- 'bold', cf. Engl. dare, durst.)

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  • 7 πάνυ

    πάνῠ [pron. full] [ᾰ], Adv., ([etym.] πᾶς)
    A altogether, first in Xenoph.1.18, then in Trag. and [dialect] Att., mostly in Prose:
    1 with Verbs, A.Ch. 861 (anap.), Pl. Cra. 386c, Euthd. 272d, etc.; π. μανθάνω perfectly, Ar.Ra.65, 195;

    ὡς π. εἰδῆτε X.An.6.1.31

    : with Adjs., very, exceedingly, π. πολλοί, ὀλίγοι, μικρός, etc., very many or few, very small, A.Ag. 1456 (anap.), Pl. Ap. 25b, Arist.HA 542a5;

    π. ταρφύς A.Pers. 926

     (anap.);

    π. πλούσιοι Lys.19.15

    . etc.: freq. in opposed clauses,

    οὐ πονηρός, ἀλλὰ καὶ π. χρηστός D.21.83

    ; οὐκ ὀρθῶς, οὐδὲ δικαίως, ἀλλὰ καὶ π. αἰσχρῶς ibid.: after the Adj., ὀλίγοι π., σπάνιος π., X.An.4.7.14 (v.l.), 1.9.27, cf. Pl.Cra. 402a; separated from it,

    ἐκτὸς π. τινῶν ὀλίγων Id.R. 605c

    , cf. Euthd. 287b: with Nouns in adj. sense,

    π. εἶναι ὑβριστής Id.Ap. 26e

    : in late writers with [comp] Sup., π. φαυλότατος Sch.Ar.Ra. 1363, cf. Ath.1.22d (π. γάρ ἐστιν ὡρικωτάτη is dub. in Crates Com.40): with Advbs.,

    π. ταχύ Eup.311

    ;

    ταχὺ π. Ar.Pl.57

    ; π. σφόδρα ib.25, 745, Pl.Ap. 25a;

    σφόδρα π. Aeschin.2.36

    ; π. πολύ very much, Pl.Chrm. 157d, X.Cyr.6.1.41, etc.;

    μόγις π. Pl.Ap. 21b

    ; π. μόλις or μόλις π., Philem.88, Eub.30; εὖ π. Theopomp. Com.14, etc.: with adverbial phrases, π. σπουδῇ in very great haste, D.20.105;

    σπουδῇ π. Th.8.89

    ; π. ἐν τῷ μεγίστῳ κινδύνῳ ib.50;

    π. ἐξ εἰκότος λόγου Pl.Euthd. 305e

    ;

    ἐν ὀλίγῳ χρόνῳ π. Id.Hp.Ma. 282e

    ;

    π. παρὰ πολλοῖς Id.Euthd. 305c

    ;

    π. ἐπὶ σμικροῖς Id.Ap. 40a

    ;

    ἀπὸ σμικροῦ π. Ar.Pl. 377

    : with part., π. ἀδικῶν if ever so criminal, Th.3.44.
    2 strengthd.,

    καὶ πάνυ Id.2.11

    , X.Mem.1.3.13, Pl.Ap. 17c, Euthd. 276d, Cra. 400c; δοκεῖ μοι.. καὶ π. οὐδὲ εἶναι ἡ ἐπίκλησις αὕτη I believe this name actually did not exist, Th.1.3.
    3 οὐ πάνυ not quite,

    οὐ π. τι μανθάνω Pl.Euthd. 286e

    , cf. Phd. 63a, Prt. 331e, X.An.6.1.26, etc.; ἡ οὐσία οὐδὲ τριῶν ταλάντων π. τι ἦν not quite so much.., D.59.7;

    οὐ π. εὐδαιμονικὸς.., ἔτι δ' ἴσως ἧττον Arist.EN 1099b3

    : sts. with litotes, not quite, implying 'not at all',

    ταῦτα νεκρῷ μὲν οἷόν τε ποιεῖν, ζῶντι δὲ οὐ π. Hp.Art. 46

    ; εὐφόρως δὲ οὐ π. ἔχει it is not very (or not at all) easy, ib.77; οὐ π. μοίρας εὐδαιμονίσαι πρώτης hardly to be congratulated.., S.OC 144 (anap.);

    οὐ π. προσίεμαι X.Mem.2.8.5

    .
    4 in affirmative answers, by all means, no doubt, Ar.Pl. 393: mostly with a Particle added,

    πάνυ γε Pl.Alc.1.107e

    , etc.;

    καὶ πάνυ γε Id.Chrm. 154e

    ; π. γε, a)lla/ .. very well, but.., D.21.89;

    πάνυ μὲν οὖν Ar.Pl.97

    , Pl.Euthphr. 13d, al.; πάνυ καλῶς no I thank you, Ar.Ra. 512.
    II ὁ πάνυ the real, the very (

    τοῦ π. Διός Luc.Icar.2

    ): hence, the excellent, the famous,

    οἱ π. τῶν στρατιωτῶν Th.8.1

    , D.C.Fr.70.6;

    ὁ π. Περικλῆς X. Mem.3.5.1

    ;

    οἱ π. ἐπ' ἀξιώματος IG12(7).407.14

     ([place name] Amorgos); οἱ π. alone, prob. in Th.8.89 (omitting στρατηγῶν)

    ; ἡ π. Luc.Vit.Auct. 22

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πάνυ

  • 8 εἰμί

    εἰμί (Hom.+) impv. ἴσθι, ἔσο IPol 4:1, ἔστω—also colloq. ἤτω (BGU 276, 24; 419, 13; POxy 533, 9; Ps 103:31; 1 Macc 10:31) 1 Cor 16:22; Js 5:12; 1 Cl 48:5; Hv 3, 3, 4;—3 pers. pl. ἔστωσαν (ins since 200 B.C. Meisterhans3-Schw. 191; PPetr III, 2, 22 [237 B.C.]) Lk 12:35; 1 Ti 3:12; GJs 7:2. Inf. εἶναι. Impf. 1 pers. only mid. ἤμην (Jos., Bell. 1, 389; 631; s. further below); ἦν only Ac 20:18 D, 2 pers. ἦσθα (Jos., Ant. 6, 104) Mt 26:69; Mk 14:67 and ἦς (Lobeck, Phryn. 149 ‘say ἦσθα’; Jos., Ant. 17, 110 al.; Sb 6262, 16 [III A.D.]) Mt 25:21, 23 al., 3 sg. ἦν, 1 pl. ἦμεν. Beside this the mid. form ἤμην (pap since III B.C.; Job 29:16; Tob 12:13 BA), s. above, gives the pl. ἤμεθα (pap since III B.C.; Bar 1:19) Mt 23:30; Ac 27:37; Eph 2:3. Both forms in succession Gal. 4:3. Fut. ἔσομαι, ptc. ἐσόμενος. The mss. vary in choice of act. or mid., but like the edd. lean toward the mid. (W-S. §14, 1; Mlt-H. 201–3; Rob. index; B-D-F §98; Rdm.2 99; 101f; Helbing 108f; Reinhold 86f). Also s. ἔνι.
    ① be, exist, be on hand a pred. use (for other pred. use s. 3a, 4, 5, 6, 7): of God (Epicurus in Diog. L. 10, 123 θεοί εἰσιν; Zaleucus in Diod S 12, 20, 2 θεοὺς εἶναι; Wsd 12:13; Just., D. 128, 4 angels) ἔστιν ὁ θεός God exists Hb 11:6; cp. 1 Cor 8:5. ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν the one who is and who was (cp. SibOr 3, 16; as amulet PMich 155, 3 [II A.D.] ὁ ὢν θεὸς ὁ Ἰάω κύριος παντοκράτωρ=the god … who exists.) Rv 11:17; 16:5. ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, in this and the two preceding passages ἦν is treated as a ptc. (for the unusual use of ἦν cp. Simonides 74 D.: ἦν ἑκατὸν φιάλαι) 1:4; 4:8 (cp. Ex 3:14; Wsd 13:1; Paus. 10, 12, 10 Ζεὺς ἦν, Ζ. ἔστι, Ζ. ἔσσεται; cp. Theosophien 18. S. OWeinreich, ARW 19, 1919, 178f). οὐδʼ εἶναι θεὸν παντοκράτορα AcPlCor 1:11. ἐγώ εἰμι (ins in the Athena-Isis temple of Saïs in Plut., Is. et Os. 9, 354c: ἐγώ εἰμι πᾶν τὸ γεγονὸς κ. ὸ̓ν κ. ἐσόμενον. On the role of Isis in Gk. rel. s. IBergman, Ich bin Isis ’68; RMerkelbach, Isis Regina—Zeus Sarapis ’95; for further lit. s. MGustafson in: Prayer fr. Alexander to Constantine, ed. MKiley et al. ’97, 158.) Rv 1:8 (s. ἐγώ beg.). ὁ ὤν, … θεός Ro 9:5 is classed here and taken to mean Christ by JWordsworth ad loc. and HWarner, JTS 48, ’47, 203f. Of the λόγος: ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λ. J 1:1 (for ἦν cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 4; 3, 1b ἦν σκότος, Fgm. IX 1 p. 422, 23 Sc. γέγονεν ἡ ὕλη καὶ ἦν).—Of Christ πρὶν Ἀβραὰμ γενέσθαι, ἐγὼ εἰμί before Abraham was born, I am 8:58 (on the pres. εἰμί cp. Parmenides 8, 5: of the Eternal we cannot say ἦν οὐδʼ ἔσται, only ἔστιν; Ammonius Hermiae [Comm. in Aristotl. IV 5 ed. ABusse 1897] 6 p. 172: in Timaeus we read that we must not say of the gods τὸ ἦν ἢ τὸ ἔσται μεταβολῆς τινος ὄντα σημαντικά, μόνον δὲ τὸ ἔστι=‘was’ or ‘will be’, suggesting change, but only ‘is’; Ps 89:2; DBall, ‘I Am’ in John’s Gospel [JSNT Suppl. 124] ’96).—Of the world πρὸ τοῦ τὸν κόσμον εἶναι before the world existed 17:5. Satirically, of the beast, who parodies the Lamb, ἦν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν Rv 17:8. Of God’s temple: ἔστιν B 16:6f it exists. τὸ μὴ ὄν that which does not exist, the unreal (Sallust. 17 p. 32, 7 and 9; Philo, Aet. M. 5; 82) Hm 1:1. τὰ ὄντα that which exists contrasted w. τὰ μὴ ὄντα Ro 4:17; cp. 1 Cor 1:28; 2 Cl 1:8. Of God κτίσας ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος τὰ ὄντα what is out of what is not Hv 1, 1, 6 (on the contrast τὰ ὄντα and τὰ μὴ ὄντα cp. Ps.-Arist. on Xenophanes: Fgm. 21, 28; Artem. 1, 51 p. 49, 19 τὰ μὴ ὄντα ὡς ὄντα; Ocellus Luc. 12; Sallust. 17, 5 p. 30, 28–32, 12; Philo, Op. M. 81; PGM 4, 3077f ποιήσαντα τὰ πάντα ἐξ ὧν οὐκ ὄντων εἰς τὸ εἶναι; 13, 272f τὸν ἐκ μὴ ὄντων εἶναι ποιήσαντα καὶ ἐξ ὄντων μὴ εἶναι; Theoph. Ant. 1, 4 [p. 64, 21] τὰ πάντα ὁ θεὸς ἐποίησεν ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων εἰς τὸ εἶναι).—Of existing in the sense be present, available, provided πολλοῦ ὄχλου ὄντος since a large crowd was present Mk 8:1. ὄντων τῶν προσφερόντων those are provided who offer Hb 8:4. οὔπω ἦν πνεῦμα the Spirit had not yet come J 7:39. ἀκούσας ὄντα σιτία when he heard that grain was available Ac 7:12.—Freq. used to introduce parables and stories (once) there was: ἄνθρωπός τις ἦν πλούσιος there was (once) a rich man Lk 16:1, 19. ἦν ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τ. Φαρισαίων there was a man among the Pharisees J 3:1.—There is, there are ὥσπερ εἰσὶν θεοὶ πολλοί as there are many gods 1 Cor 8:5. διαιρέσεις χαρισμάτων εἰσίν there are various kinds of spiritual gifts 12:4ff; 1J 5:16 al. Neg. οὐκ ἔστι there is (are) not, no (Ps 52:2; Simplicius in Epict. p. 95, 42 as a quot. from ‘tragedy’ οὐκ εἰσὶν θεοί) δίκαιος there is no righteous man Ro 3:10 (Eccl 7:20). ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔστιν there is no resurr. of the dead 1 Cor 15:12; οὐδʼ εἶναι ἀνάστασιν AcPlCor 1:12; 2:24; cp. Mt 22:23; Ac 23:8 (cp. 2 Macc 7:14). εἰσὶν οἵ, or οἵτινες there are people who (Hom. et al.; LXX; Just., D. 47, 2 εἰ μήτι εἰσὶν οἱ λέγοντες ὅτι etc.—W. sing. and pl. combined: Arrian, Ind. 24, 9 ἔστι δὲ οἳ διέφυγον=but there are some who escaped) Mt 16:28; 19:12; Mk 9:1; Lk 9:27; J 6:64; Ac 11:20. Neg. οὐδείς ἐστιν ὅς there is no one who Mk 9:39; 10:29; Lk 1:61; 18:29. As a question τίς ἐστιν ὅς; who is there that? Mt 12:11—In an unusual (perh. bureaucratic terminology) participial construction Ac 13:1 ἡ οὖσα ἐκκλησία the congregation there (cp. Ps.-Pla., Eryx. 6, 394c οἱ ὄντες ἄνθρωποι=the people with whom he has to deal; PLond III 1168, 5 p. 136 [18 A.D.] ἐπὶ ταῖς οὔσαις γειτνίαις=on the adjoining areas there; PGen 49; PSI 229, 11 τοῦ ὄντος μηνός of the current month); cp. 14:13.—αἱ οὖσαι (sc. ἐξουσίαι) those that exist Ro 13:1 (cp. UPZ 180a I, 4 [113 B.C.] ἐφʼ ἱερέων καὶ ἱερειῶν τῶν ὄντων καὶ οὐσῶν).
    ② to be in close connection (with), is, freq. in statements of identity or equation, as a copula, the equative function, uniting subject and predicate. On absence of the copula, Mlt-Turner 294–310.
    ⓐ gener. πραΰς εἰμι I am gentle Mt 11:29. ἐγώ εἰμι Γαβριήλ Lk 1:19. σὺ εἶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Mk 3:11; J 1:49 and very oft. ἵνα … ὁ πονηρὸς … ἐλεγχθῇ [το? s. app. in Bodm.] μὴ ὢν θεός AcPlCor 2:15 (Just., D. 3, 3 φιλολόγος οὖν τις εἶ σύ).—The pred. can be supplied fr. the context: καὶ ἐσμέν and we are (really God’s children) 1J 3:1 (Eur., Ion 309 τ. θεοῦ καλοῦμαι δοῦλος εἰμί τε. Dio Chrys. 14 [31], 58 θεοφιλεῖς οἱ χρηστοὶ λέγονται καὶ εἰσίν; Epict. 2, 16, 44 Ἡρακλῆς ἐπιστεύθη Διὸς υἱὸς εἶναι καὶ ἦν.—The ptc. ὤν, οὖσα, ὄν used w. a noun or adj.and serving as an if-, since-, or although-clause sim. functions as a copula πονηροὶ ὄντες Mt 7:11; 12:34.—Lk 20:36; J 3:4; 4:9; Ac 16:21; Ro 5:10; 1 Cor 8:7; Gal 2:3 al.).—W. adv. of quality: οὕτως εἶναι be so preceded by ὥσπερ, καθώς or followed by ὡς, ὥσπερ Mt 13:40; 24:27, 37, 39; Mk 4:26; Lk 17:26. W. dat. of pers. οὕτως ἔσται ὁ υἱὸς τ. ἀ. τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ so the Human One (Son of Man) will be for this generation 11:30. εἰμὶ ὡσ/ὥσπερ I am like Mt 6:5; Lk 18:11. W. dat. ἔστω σοι ὥσπερ τελώνης he shall be to you as a tax-collector Mt 18:17. εἰμὶ ὥς τις I am like someone of outward and inward similarity 28:3; Lk 6:40; 11:44; 22:27 al. καθώς εἰμι as I am Ac 22:3; 1J 3:2, 7; 4:17.—W. demonstr. pron. (Just., A I, 16, 1 ἃ ἔφη, ταῦτά ἐστι: foll. by a quotation; sim. 48, 5 ἔστι δὲ ταῦτα; and oft.) τὰ ὀνόματά ἐστιν ταῦτα Mt 10:2. αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ μαρτυρία J 1:19. W. inf. foll. θρησκεία αὕτη ἐστίν, ἐπισκέπτεσθαι Js 1:27. W. ὅτι foll. αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ κρίσις, ὅτι τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν J 3:19; cp. 21:24; 1J 1:5; 3:11; 5:11. W. ἵνα foll. τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ ἔργον, ἵνα πιστεύητε J 6:29; cp. vs. 39f; 15:12; 17:3; 1J 3:11, 23; 5:3. W. τηλικοῦτος: τὰ πλοῖα, τηλικαῦτα ὄντα though they are so large Js 3:4. W. τοσοῦτος: τοσοῦτων ὄντων although there were so many J 21:11. W. τοιοῦτος: τοιοῦτος ὤν Phlm 9 (cp. Just., A I, 18, 4 ὅσα ἄλλα τοιαῦτά ἐστι).—W. interrog. pron. ὑμεῖς τίνα με λέγετε εἶναι; who do you say I am? Mt 16:15; cp. 21:10; Mk 1:24; 4:41; 8:27, 29; Lk 4:34 al.; σὺ τίς εἶ; J 1:19; 8:25; 21:12 al. (cp. JosAs 14:6 τίς εἶ συ tell me ‘who you are’). σὺ τίς εἶ ὁ κρίνων; (Pla., Gorg. 452b; Strabo 6, 2, 4 σὺ τίς εἶ ὁ τὸν Ὅμηρον ψέγων ὡς μυθογράφον;) Ro 14:4; ἐγὼ τίς ἤμην; (cp. Ex 3:11) Ac 11:17; τίς εἰμι ἐγὼ ὅτι who am I, that GJs 12:2 (Ex 3:11). W. πόσος: πόσος χρόνος ἐστίν; how long a time? Mk 9:21. W. ποταπός of what sort Lk 1:29.—W. relative pron. οἷος 2 Cor 10:11; ὁποῖος Ac 26:29; 1 Cor 3:13; Gal 2:6; ὅς Rv 1:19; ὅστις Gal 5:10, 19.—W. numerals ἦσαν οἱ φαγόντες πεντακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες 6:44 (cp. Polyaenus 7, 25 ἦσαν οἱ πεσόντες ἀνδρῶν μυριάδες δέκα); cp. Ac 19:7; 23:13. Λάζαρος εἷς ἦν ἐκ τῶν ἀνακειμένων L. was one of those at the table J 12:2; cp. Gal 3:20; Js 2:19. τῶν πιστευσάντων ἦν καρδία καὶ ψυχὴ μία Ac 4:32. εἷς εἶναι be one and the same Gal 3:28. ἓν εἶναι be one J 10:30; 17:11, 21ff; 1 Cor 3:8.—οὐδʼ εἶναι τὴν πλάσιν τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων τοῦ θεοῦ (that) the creation of humankind is not God’s doing AcPlCor 1:13.—To establish identity the formula ἐγώ εἰμι is oft. used in the gospels (corresp. to Hebr. אֲנִי הוּא Dt 32:39; Is 43:10), in such a way that the predicate must be understood fr. the context: Mt 14:27; Mk 6:50; 13:6; 14:62; Lk 22:70; J 4:26; 6:20; 8:24, 28; 13:19; 18:5f and oft.; s. on ἐγώ.—In a question μήτι ἐγώ εἰμι; surely it is not I? Mt 26:22, 25.
    ⓑ to describe a special connection betw. the subject and a predicate noun ἡμεῖς ναὸς θεοῦ ἐσμεν ζῶντος we are a temple of the living God 2 Cor 6:16. ἡ ἐπιστολὴ ὑμεῖς ἐστε you are our letter (of recommendation) 3:2. σφραγίς μου τῆς ἀποστολῆς ὑμεῖς ἐστε you are the seal of my apostleship 1 Cor 9:2 and oft.
    ⓒ in explanations:
    α. to show how someth. is to be understood is a representation of, is the equivalent of; εἰμί here, too, serves as copula; we usually translate mean, so in the formula τοῦτʼ ἔστιν this or that means, that is to say (Epict., Ench. 33, 10; Arrian, Tact. 29, 3; SIG 880, 50; PFlor 157, 4; PSI 298, 9; PMert 91, 9; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 16; ApcMos 19; Just., D. 56, 23; 78, 3 al.) Mk 7:2; Ac 19:4; Ro 7:18; 9:8; 10:6, 8; Phlm 12; Hb 7:5 al.; in the sense that is (when translated) (Polyaenus 8, 14, 1 Μάξιμος ἀνηγορεύθη• τοῦτο δʼ ἄν εἴη Μέγιστον) Mt 27:46; Ac 1:19. So also w. relative pron.: ὅ ἐστιν Mk 3:17; 7:11, 34; Hb 7:2. After verbs of asking, recognizing, knowing and not knowing (Antiphanes Com. 231, 1f τὸ ζῆν τί ἐστι;) μάθετε τί ἐστιν learn what (this) means Mt 9:13. εἰ ἐγνώκειτε τί ἐστιν 12:7; cp. Mk 1:27; 9:10; Lk 20:17; J 16:17f; Eph 4:9. W. an indir. question (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Ἀγύλλα: τὶς ἠρώτα τί ἂν εἴη τὸ ὄνομα) τί ἂν εἴη ταῦτα Lk 15:26; τί εἴη τοῦτο 18:36. τίνα θέλει ταῦτα εἶναι what this means Ac 17:20; cp. 2:12, where the question is not about the mng. of terms but the significance of what is happening.—Esp. in interpr. of the parables (Artem. 1, 51 p. 48, 26 ἄρουρα οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἐστὶν ἢ γυνή=field means nothing else than woman) ὁ ἀγρός ἐστιν ὁ κόσμος the field means the world Mt 13:38; cp. vss. 19f, 22f; Mk 4:15f, 18, 20; Lk 8:11ff (cp. Gen 41:26f; Ezk 37:11; Ath. 22, 4 [Stoic interpr. of myths]). On τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου Mt 26:26; Mk 14:22; Lk 22:19 and its various interpretations, see lit. s.v. εὐχαριστία. Cp. Hipponax (VI B.C.) 45 Diehl αὕτη γάρ ἐστι συμφορή=this means misfortune.
    β. to be of relative significance, be of moment or importance, amount to someth. w. indef. pron. εἰδωλόθυτόν τί ἐστιν meat offered to idols means anything 1 Cor 10:19. Esp. εἰμί τι I mean someth. of pers. 1 Cor 3:7; Gal 2:6; 6:3; and of things vs. 15. εἰμί τις Ac 5:36.—Of no account ἐμοὶ εἰς ἐλάχιστόν ἐστιν (telescoped fr. ἐλάχ. ἐστιν and εἰς ἐλάχ. γίνεται, of which there are many exx. in Schmid, I 398; II 161, 237; III 281; IV 455) it is of little or no importance to me 1 Cor 4:3.
    ③ be in reference to location, persons, condition, or time, be
    ⓐ of various relations or positions involving a place or thing: w. ἀπό: εἶναι ἀπό τινος be or come from a certain place (X., An. 2, 4, 13) J 1:44.—W. ἐν: ἐν τοῖς τ. πατρός μου in my father’s house Lk 2:49 (cp. Jos., Ant. 16, 302 καταγωγὴ ἐν τοῖς Ἀντιπάτρου). ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ on the way Mk 10:32. ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ Mt 24:26. ἐν ἀγρῷ Lk 15:25. ἐν δεξιᾷ τ. θεοῦ at God’s right hand Ro 8:34; in heaven Eph 6:9.—W. εἰς: τὴν κοίτην Lk 11:7; τὸν κόλπον J1:18.—W. ἐπὶ w. gen. be on someth. of place, roof Lk 17:31; head J 20:7 (cp. 1 Macc 1:59); also fig., of one who is over someone (1 Macc 10:69; Jdth 14:13 ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων τῶν αὐτοῦ) Ro 9:5 (of the angel of death Mel., P. 20, 142 ἐπὶ τῶν πρωτοτόκων); also ἐπάνω τινός J 3:31.—W. dat. be at someth. the door Mt 24:33; Mk 13:29.—W. acc. be on someone: grace Lk 2:40; Ac 4:33; spirit (Is 61:1) Lk 2:25; εἶναι ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό be in the same place, together (Gen 29:2 v.l.) Ac 1:15; 2:1, 44; 1 Cor 7:5.—W. κατά w. acc. εἶναι κατὰ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν be in Judea Ac 11:1; εἶναι ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ κατὰ τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν were at Antioch in the congregation there 13:1.—W. ὑπό w. acc. τι or τινα of place be under someth. J 1:48; 1 Cor 10:1.—W. παρά w. acc. παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν by the sea- (i.e. lake-) shore Mk 5:21; Ac 10:6.—W. πρός τι be close to, facing someth. Mk 4:1.—W. adv. of place ἐγγύς τινι near someth. Ac 9:38; 27:8. μακρὰν (ἀπό) Mk 12:34; J 21:8; Eph 2:13; also πόρρω Lk 14:32. χωρίς τινος without someth. Hb 12:8. ἐνθάδε Ac 16:28. ἔσω J 20:26. ἀπέναντί τινος Ro 3:18 (Ps 35:2). ἐκτός τινος 1 Cor 6:18; ἀντίπερά τινος Lk 8:26; ὁμοῦ J 21:2; οὗ Mt 2:9; ὅπου Mk 2:4; 5:40. ὧδε Mt 17:4; Mk 9:5; Lk 9:33. Also w. fut. mng. (ESchwartz, GGN 1908, 161 n.; on the fut. use of the pres. cp. POxy 531, 22 [II A.D.] ἔστι δὲ τοῦ Τῦβι μηνὸς σοὶ ὸ̔ θέλεις) ὅπου εἰμί J 7:34, 36; 12:26; 14:3; 17:24. As pred., to denote a relatively long stay at a place, stay, reside ἴσθι ἐκεῖ stay there Mt 2:13, cp. vs. 15; ἐπʼ ἐρήμοις τόποις in lonely places Mk 1:45; ἦν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν he stayed by the lakeside 5:21.
    ⓑ involving humans or transcendent beings: w. adv. ἔμπροσθέν τινος Lk 14:2. ἔναντί τινος Ac 8:21; ἐνώπιόν τινος Lk 14:10; Ac 4:19; 1 Pt 3:4; Rv 7:15; ἐντός τινος Lk 17:21; ἐγγύς τινος J 11:18; 19:20; Ro 10:8 (Dt 30:14).—W. prep. ἐν τινί equiv. to ἔκ τινος εἶναι be among Mt 27:56; cp. Mk 15:40; Ro 1:6. Of God, who is among his people 1 Cor 14:25 (Is 45:14; Jer 14:9); of the Spirit J 14:17. Of persons under Christ’s direction: ἐν θεῷ 1J 2:5; 5:20 (s. Norden, Agn. Th. 23, 1). ἔν τινι rest upon, arise from someth. (Aristot., Pol. 7, 1, 3 [1323b, 1] ἐν ἀρετῇ; Sir 9:16) Ac 4:12; 1 Cor 2:5; Eph 5:18.—εἴς τινα be directed, inclined toward Ac 23:30; 2 Cor 7:15; 1 Pt 1:21.—κατά w. gen. be against someone (Sir 6:12) Mt 12:30; Mk 9:40 and Lk 9:50 (both opp. ὑπέρ); Gal 5:23.—σύν τινι be with someone (Jos., Ant. 7, 181) Lk 22:56; 24:44; Ac 13:7; accompany, associate w. someone Lk 8:38; Ac 4:13; 22:9; take sides with someone (X., Cyr. 5, 4, 37; 7, 5, 77; Jos., Ant. 11, 259 [of God]) Ac 14:4.—πρός τινα be with someone Mt 13:56; Mk 6:3; J 1:1f. I am to be compared w. IMg 12.—μετά and gen. be with someone (Judg 14:11) Mt 17:17; Mk 3:14; 5:18; J 3:26; 12:17; ἔστω μεθʼ ὑμῶν εἰρήνη AcPlCor 2:40; of God, who is with someone (Gen 21:20; Judg 6:13 al.; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 4; Jos., Ant. 6, 181; 15, 138) Lk 1:66; J 3:2; 8:29; Ac 10:38 al.; also be with in the sense be favorable to, in league with (Ex 23:2) Mt 12:30; Lk 11:23; of punishment attending a pers. τὸ πῦρ ἐστι μετʼ αὐτοῦ AcPlCor 2:37.—παρά and gen. come from someone (X., An. 2, 4, 15; Just., D. 8, 4 ἔλεος παρὰ θεοῦ) fr. God J 6:46; 7:29; w. dat. be with, among persons Mt 22:25; Ac 10:6. W. neg. be strange to someone, there is no … in someone Ro 2:11; 9:14; Eph 6:9.—ὑπέρ w. gen. be on one’s side Mk 9:4 and Lk 9:50 (both opp. κατά); w. acc. be superior to (Sir 25:10; 30:16) Lk 6:40.
    ⓒ of condition or circumstance: κατά w. acc. live in accordance with (Sir 28:10; 43:8; 2 Macc 9:20) κατὰ σάκρα, πνεῦμα Ro 8:5. οὐκ ἔστιν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον not human (in origin) Gal 1:11.—Fig. ὑπό w. acc. be under (the power of) someth. Ro 3:9; 6:14f; Gal 3:10, 25.—W. ἐν of existing ἐν τῷ θεῷ εἶναι of humankind: have its basis of existence in God Ac 17:28. Of states of being: ἐν δόξῃ 2 Cor 3:8; ἐν εἰρήνῃ Lk 11:21; ἐν ἔχθρᾳ at enmity 23:12; ἐν κρίματι under condemnation vs. 40. ἐν ῥύσει αἵματος suffer from hemorrhages Mk 5:25; Lk 8:43 (cp. Soph., Aj. 271 ἦν ἐν τῇ νόσῳ; cp. TestJob 35:1 ἐν πληγαῖς πολλαῖς). Periphrastically for an adj. ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ authoritative Lk 4:32. ἐν βάρει important 1 Th 2:7. ἐν τῇ πίστει true believers, believing 2 Cor 13:5. Be involved in someth. ἐν ἑορτῇ be at the festival=take part in it J 2:23. ἐν τούτοις ἴσθι devote yourself to these things 1 Ti 4:15 (cp. X., Hell. 4, 8, 7 ἐν τοιούτοις ὄντες=occupied w. such things; Jos., Ant. 2, 346 ἐν ὕμνοις ἦσαν=they occupied themselves w. the singing of hymns).—Fig., live in the light 1J 2:9; cp. vs. 11; 1 Th 5:4; in the flesh Ro 7:5; 8:8; AcPlCor 1:6. ἐν οἷς εἰμι in the situation in which I find myself Phil 4:11 (X., Hell. 4, 2, 1; Diod S 12, 63, 5; 12, 66, 4; Appian, Hann. 55 §228 ἐν τούτοις ἦν=he was in this situation; Jos., Ant. 7, 232 ἐν τούτοις ἦσαν=found themselves in this sit.; TestJob 35:6 ἐν τίνι ἐστίν; s. ZPE VIII 170). ἐν πολλοῖς ὢν ἀστοχήμασι AcPlCor 2:1. Of characteristics, emotions, etc. ἔν τινί ἐστιν, e.g. ἀδικία J 7:18; ἄγνοια Eph 4:18; ἀλήθεια J 8:44; 2 Cor 11:10 (cp. 1 Macc 7:18); ἁμαρτία 1J 3:5.
    ⓓ of time ἐγγύς of καιρός be near Mt 26:18; Mk 13:28. πρὸς ἑσπέραν ἐστίν it is toward evening Lk 24:29 (Just., D. 137, 4 πρὸς δυσμὰς … ὁ ἥλιός ἐστι).
    ④ to be alive in a period of time, live, denoting temporal existence (Hom., Trag., Thu. et al.; Sir 42:21; En 102:5 Philo, De Jos. 17; Jos., Ant. 7, 254) εἰ ἤμεθα ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν if we had lived in the days of our fathers Mt 23:30. ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν because they were no more 2:18 (Jer 38:15). ἦσαν ἐπὶ χρόνον ἱκανόν (those who were healed and raised by Christ) remained alive for quite some time Qua.
    ⑤ to be the time at which someth. takes place w. indications of specific moments or occasions, be (X., Hell. 4, 5, 1, An. 4, 3, 8; Sus 13 Theod.; 1 Macc 6:49; 2 Macc 8:26; Jos., Ant. 6, 235 νουμηνία δʼ ἦν; 11, 251): ἦν ὥρα ἕκτη it was the sixth hour (=noon acc. to Jewish reckoning) Lk 23:44; J 4:6; 19:14.—Mk 15:25; J 1:39. ἦν ἑσπέρα ἤδη it was already evening Ac 4:3. πρωί̈ J 18:28. ἦν παρασκευή Mk 15:42. ἦν ἑορτὴ τῶν Ἰουδαίων J 5:1. σάββατόν ἐστιν vs. 10 et al. Short clauses (as Polyaenus 4, 9, 2 νὺξ ἦν; 7, 44, 2 πόλεμος ἦν; exc. 36, 8 ἦν ἀρίστου ὥρα; Jos., Ant. 19, 248 ἔτι δὲ νὺξ ἦν) χειμὼν ἦν J 10:22; ἦν δὲ νύξ (sim. Jos., Bell. 4, 64) 13:30; ψύχος it was cold 18:18; καύσων ἔσται it will be hot Lk 12:55.
    ⑥ to take place as a phenomenon or event, take place, occur, become, be, be in (Hom., Thu. et al.; LXX; En 104:5; 106:6.—Cp. Just., D. 82, 2 of Christ’s predictions ὅπερ καὶ ἔστι ‘which is in fact the case’.) ἔσται θόρυβος τοῦ λαοῦ a popular uprising Mk 14:2. γογγυσμὸς ἦν there was (much) muttering J 7:12. σχίσμα there was a division 9:16; 1 Cor 1:10; 12:25. ἔριδες … εἰσίν quarrels are going on 1:11. δεῖ αἱρέσεις εἶναι 11:19. θάνατος, πένθος, κραυγή, πόνος ἔσται Rv 21:4. ἔσονται λιμοὶ κ. σεισμοί Mt 24:7. Hence τὸ ἐσόμενον what was going to happen (Sir 48:25) Lk 22:49. πότε ταῦτα ἔσται; when will this happen? Mt 24:3. πῶς ἔσται τοῦτο; how can this be? Lk 1:34. Hebraistically (הָיָה; s. KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT, ’62, 63–65) καὶ ἔσται w. fut. of another verb foll. and it will come about that Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1); 3:23 (w. δέ); Ro 9:26 (Hos 2:1).—W. dat. ἐστί τινι happen, be granted, come, to someone (X., An. 2, 1, 10; Jos., Ant. 11, 255; Just., D. 8, 4 σοὶ … ἔλεος ἔσται παρὰ θεοῦ) Mt 16:22; Mk 11:24; Lk 2:10; GJs 1:1; 4:3; 8:3; τί ἐστίν σοι τοῦτο, ὅτι what is the matter with you, that GJs 17:2.—Of becoming or turning into someth. become someth. εἰς χολὴν πικρίας εἶναι become bitter gall Ac 8:23. εἰς σάρκα μίαν Mt 19:5; Mk 10:8; 1 Cor 6:16; Eph 5:31 (all Gen 2:24. Cp. Syntipas p. 42, 24 οὐκ ἔτι ἔσομαι μετὰ σοῦ εἰς γυναῖκα); τὰ σκολιὰ εἰς εὐθείας Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4); εἰς πατέρα 2 Cor 6:18; Hb 1:5 (2 Km 7:14; 1 Ch 22:10; 28:6); εἰς τὸ ἕν 1J 5:8.— Serve as someth. (IPriene 50, 39 [c. II B.C.] εἶναι εἰς φυλακὴν τ. πόλεως; Aesop., Fab. 28 H.=18 P.; 26 Ch.; 18 H-H. εἰς ὠφέλειαν; Gen 9:13; s. also εἰς 4d) 1 Cor 14:22; Col 2:22; Js 5:3.—Of something being ἀνεκτότερον ἔσται it will be more tolerable τινί for someone Lk 10:12, 14.
    ⑦ to exist as possibility ἔστιν w. inf. foll. it is possible, one can (Περὶ ὕψους 6; Diog. L. 1, 110 ἔστιν εὑρεῖν=one can find; Just., A I, 59, 10 ἔστι ταῦτα ἀκοῦσαι καὶ μαθεῖν; D. 42, 3 ἰδεῖν al.; Mel., P. 19, 127); neg. οὐκ ἔστιν νῦν λέγειν it is not possible to speak at this time Hb 9:5. οὐκ ἔστιν φαγεῖν it is impossible to eat 1 Cor 11:20 (so Hom. et al.; UPZ 70, 23 [152/151 B.C.] οὐκ ἔστι ἀνακύψαι με πώποτε … ὑπὸ τῆς αἰσχύνης; 4 Macc 13:5; Wsd 5:10; Sir 14:16; 18:6; EpJer 49 al.; EpArist 163; Jos., Ant. 2, 335; Ath. 22, 3 ἔστιν εἰπεῖν).
    ⑧ to have a point of derivation or origin, be,/come from somewhere ἐκ τῆς ἐξουσίας Ἡρῴδου from Herod’s jurisdiction Lk 23:7; ἐκ Ναζαρέτ (as an insignificant place) J 1:46; ἐκ τῆς γῆς 3:31; ἐκ γυναικός 1 Cor 11:8 al. ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐξ ἀνθρώπων be of heavenly (divine), human descent Mt 21:25; Mk 11:30; Lk 20:4. Be generated by (cp. Sb 8141, 21f [ins I B.C.] οὐδʼ ἐκ βροτοῦ ἤεν ἄνακτος, ἀλλὰ θεοῦ μεγάλου ἔκγονος; En 106:6) Mt 1:20. Esp. in Johannine usage ἐκ τοῦ διαβόλου εἶναι originate from the devil J 8:44; 1J 3:8. ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ 3:12; ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου J 15:19; 17:14, 16; 1J 4:5. ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας εἶναι 2:21; J 18:37 etc. Cp. 9 end.
    ⑨ to belong to someone or someth. through association or genetic affiliation, be, belong w. simple gen. (X., Hell. 2, 4, 36; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 33, 230 τῶν Πυθαγορείων) οἱ τῆς ὁδοῦ ὄντες those who belong to the Way Ac 9:2. εἰμὶ Παύλου I belong to Paul 1 Cor 1:12; 3:4; cp. Ro 8:9; 2 Cor 10:7; 1 Ti 1:20; Ac 23:6. ἡμέρας εἶναι belong to the day 1 Th 5:8, cp. vs. 5. W. ἔκ τινος 1 Cor 12:15f; Mt 26:73; Mk 14:69f; Lk 22:58 al. (cp. X., Mem. 3, 6, 17; oft LXX). ἐκ τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τῶν δώδεκα belong to the twelve 22:3. ὅς ἐστιν ἐξ ὑμῶν who is a fellow-countryman of yours Col 4:9.—To belong through origin 2 Cor 4:7. Of Mary: ἦν τῆς φυλῆς τοῦ Δαυίδ was of David’s line GJs 10:1. Cp. 8 above.
    ⑩ to have someth. to do with someth. or someone, be. To denote a close relationship ἐξ ἔργων νόμου εἶναι rely on legal performance Gal 3:10. ὁ νόμος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ πίστεως the law has nothing to do with faith vs. 12.—To denote a possessor Mt 5:3, 10; l9:14; Mk 12:7; Lk 18:16; 1 Cor 6:19. Esp. of God who owns the Christian Ac 27:23; 1 Cor 3:23; 2 Ti 2:19 (Num 16:5). οὐδʼ εἶναι τὸν κόσμον θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ ἀγγέλων AcPlCor 1:15 (cp. Just., A II, 13, 4 ὅσα … καλῶς εἴρηται, ἡμῶν τῶν χριστιανῶν ἐστι).—W. possess. pron. ὑμετέρα ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία Lk 6:20. οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸν δοῦναι Mk 10:40 (cp. Just., A I, 4, 2 ὑμέτερον ἀγωνιᾶσαί ἐστι ‘it is a matter for your concern’).—To denote function (X., An. 2, 1, 4) οὐχ ὑμῶν ἐστιν it is no concern of yours Ac 1:7—Of quality παιδεία οὐ δοκεῖ χαρᾶς εἶναι discipline does not seem to be (partake of) joy Hb 12:11.—10:39.
    ⑪ as an auxiliary: very commonly the simple tense forms are replaced by the periphrasis εἶναι and the ptc. (B-D-F §352–55; Mlt. 225–27, 249; Mlt-H. 451f; Rdm.2 102, 105, 205; Kühner-G. I 38ff; Rob. 374–76, 1119f; CTurner, Marcan Usage: JTS 28, 1927 349–51; GKilpatrick, BT 7, ’56, 7f; very oft. LXX).
    ⓐ (as in Hom et al.) w. the pf. ptc. to express the pf., plpf. and fut. pf. act. and pass. (s. Mayser 329; 377) ἦσαν ἐληλυθότες they had come Lk 5:17. ἦν αὐτῶν ἡ καρδία πεπωρωμένη their hearts were hardened Mk 6:52. ἠλπικότες ἐσμέν we have set our hope 1 Cor 15:19. ὁ καιρὸς συνεσταλμένος ἐστίν the time has become short 7:29. ἦν ἑστώς (En 12:3) he was standing (more exactly he took his stand) Lk 5:1.
    ⓑ w. pres. ptc. (B-D-F §353).
    α. to express the pres. ἐστὶν προσαναπληροῦσα τὰ ὑστερήματα supplies the wants 2 Cor 9:12 (Just., A I, 26, 5 Μαρκίων … καὶ νῦν ἔτι ἐστὶ διδάσκων; Mel., P. 61, 441 ἐστὶν … κηρυσσόμενον).
    β. impf. or aor. ἦν καθεύδων he was sleeping Mk 4:38. ἦσαν ἀναβαίνοντες … ἦν προάγων 10:32; cp. Lk 1:22; 5:17; 11:14 al. (JosAs 1:3 ἦν συνάγων τὸν σίτον; Mel., P. 80, 580 ἦσθα εὐφραινόμενος). ἦν τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀλήθινόν … ἐρχόμενον εἰς τὸν κόσμον the true light entered the world J 1:9, w. ἦν introducing a statement in dramatic contrast to the initial phrase of vs. 8.—To denote age (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 2 al. Jac.; POxy 275, 9 [66 A.D.] οὐδέπω ὄντα τῶν ἐτῶν; Tob 14:11) Mk 5:42; Lk 3:23; Ac 4:22; GJs 12:3.—Mussies 304–6.
    γ. fut. ἔσῃ σιωπῶν you will be silent Lk 1:20; cp. 5:10; Mt 24:9; Mk 13:13; Lk 21:17, 24 al.; 2 Cl 17:7 Bihlm. (the child) shall serve him (God).
    ⓒ w. aor. ptc. as plpf. (Aelian, NA 7, 11; Hippiatr. 34, 14, vol. I p. 185, 3 ἦν σκευάσας; ISyriaW 2070b ἦν κτίσας; AcThom 16; 27 [Aa II/2 p. 123, 2f; p. 142, 10]; B-D-F §355 m.—JVogeser, Z. Sprache d. griech. Heiligenlegenden, diss. Munich 1907, 14; JWittmann, Sprachl. Untersuchungen zu Cosmas Indicopleustes, diss. Munich 1913, 20; SPsaltes, Gramm. d. byzant. Chroniken 1913, 230; Björck [διδάσκω end] 75; B-D-F §355). ἦν βληθείς had been thrown Lk 23:19; J 18:30 v.l.—GPt 6:23; 12:51. (Cp. Just., A II, 10, 2 διʼ εὑρέσεως … ἐστὶ πονηθέντα αὐτοῖς ‘they achieved through investigation’).
    ⓓ Notice esp. the impersonals δέον ἐστίν it is necessary (Pla. et al.; POxy 727, 19; Sir praef. ln. 3; 1 Macc 12:11 δέον ἐστὶν καὶ πρέπον) Ac 19:36; εἰ δέον ἐστίν if it must be 1 Pt 1:6 (s. δεῖ 2a); 1 Cl 34:2; πρέπον ἐστίν it is appropriate (Pla. et al.; POxy 120, 24; 3 Macc 7:13) Mt 3:15; 1 Cor 11:13.
    ⓔ In many cases the usage w. the ptc. serves to emphasize the duration of an action or condition (BGU 183, 25 ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν χρόνον ζῶσα ᾖ Σαταβούς); JosAs 2:1 ἦν … ἐξουθενοῦσα καὶ καταπτύουσα πάντα ἄνδρα). ἦν διδάσκων he customarily taught Mk 1:22; Lk 4:31; 19:47. ἦν θέλων he cherished the wish 23:8. ἦσαν νηστεύοντες they were keeping the fast Mk 2:18. ἦσαν συλλαλοῦντες they were conversing for a while 9:4. ἦν προσδεχόμενος he was waiting for (the kgdm.) 15:43. ἦν συγκύπτουσα she was bent over Lk 13:11.
    ⓕ to emphasize the adjectival idea inherent in the ptc. rather than the concept of action expressed by the finite verb ζῶν εἰμι I am alive Rv 1:18. ἦν ὑποτασσόμενος he was obedient Lk 2:51. ἦν ἔχων κτήματα πολλά he was very rich Mt 19:22; Mk 10:22. ἴσθι ἐξουσίαν ἔχων you shall have authority Lk 19:17 (Lucian, Tim. 35 ἴσθι εὐδαιμονῶν). ἦν καταλλάσσων (God) was reconciling 2 Cor 5:19 (cp. Mel., P. 83, 622 οὗτος ἦν ὁ ἐκλεξάμενός σε; Ath. 15, 2 οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ … καρπούμενος).—LMcGaughy, Toward a Descriptive Analysis of ΕΙΝΑΙ as a Linking Verb in the Gk. NT, diss. Vanderbilt, ’70 (s. esp. critique of treatment of εἰμί in previous edd. of this lexicon pp. 12–15).—Mlt. 228. B. 635. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > εἰμί

  • 9 ὁ

    ὁ, ἡ, τό pl. οἱ, αἱ, τά article, derived fr. a demonstrative pronoun, ‘the’. Since the treatment of the inclusion and omission of the art. belongs to the field of grammar, the lexicon can limit itself to exhibiting the main features of its usage. It is difficult to set hard and fast rules for the employment of the art., since the writer’s style had special freedom of play here—Kühner-G. I p. 589ff; B-D-F §249–76; Mlt. 80–84; Rob. 754–96; W-S. §17ff; Rdm.2 112–18; Abel §28–32; HKallenberg, RhM 69, 1914, 642ff; FVölker, Syntax d. griech. Papyri I, Der Artikel, Progr. d. Realgymn. Münster 1903; FEakin, AJP 37, 1916, 333ff; CMiller, ibid. 341ff; EColwell, JBL 52, ’33, 12–21 (for a critique s. Mlt-H.-Turner III 183f); ASvensson, D. Gebr. des bestimmten Art. in d. nachklass. Epik ’37; RFink, The Syntax of the Greek Article ’53; JRoberts, Exegetical Helps, The Greek Noun with and without the Article: Restoration Qtly 14, ’71, 28–44; HTeeple, The Greek Article with Personal Names in the Synoptic Gospels: NTS 19, ’73, 302–17; Mussies 186–97.
    ① this one, that one, the art. funct. as demonstrative pronoun
    ⓐ in accordance w. epic usage (Hes., Works 450: ἡ=this [voice]) in the quot. fr. Arat., Phaenom. 5 τοῦ γὰρ καὶ γένος ἐσμέν for we are also his (lit. this One’s) offspring Ac 17:28.
    ⓑ ὁ μὲν … ὁ δέ the one … the other (Polyaenus 6, 2, 1 ὁ μὲν … ὁ δὲ … ὁ δε; PSI 512, 21 [253 B.C.]); pl. οἱ μὲν … οἱ δέ (PSI 341, 9 [256 B.C.]; TestJob 29:1) some … others w. ref. to a noun preceding: ἐσχίσθη τὸ πλῆθος … οἱ μὲν ἦσαν σὺν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, οἱ δὲ σὺν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις Ac 14:4; 17:32; 28:24; 1 Cor 7:7; Gal 4:23; Phil 1:16f. Also without such a relationship expressed τοὺς μὲν ἀποστόλους, τοὺς δὲ προφήτας, τοὺς δὲ εὐαγγελιστάς Eph 4:11. οἱ μὲν … ὁ δέ Hb 7:5f, 20f. οἱ μὲν … ἄλλοι (δέ) J 7:12. οἱ μὲν … ἄλλοι δὲ … ἕτεροι δέ Mt 16:14. τινὲς … οἱ δέ Ac 17:18 (cp. Pla., Leg. 1, 627a; 2, 658 B.; Aelian, VH 2, 34; Palaeph. 6, 5).—Mt 26:67; 28:17 οἱ δέ introduces a second class; just before this, instead of the first class, the whole group is mentioned (cp. X., Hell. 1, 2, 14, Cyr. 3, 2, 12; KMcKay, JSNT 24, ’85, 71f)= but some (as Arrian, Anab. 5, 2, 7; 5, 14, 4; Lucian, Tim. 4 p. 107; Hesych. Miles. [VI A.D.]: 390 Fgm. 1, 35 end Jac.).
    ⓒ To indicate the progress of the narrative, ὁ δέ, οἱ δέ but he, but they (lit. this one, they) is also used without ὁ μέν preceding (likew. Il. 1, 43; Pla., X.; also Clearchus, Fgm. 76b τὸν δὲ εἰπεῖν=but this man said; pap examples in Mayser II/1, 1926, 57f) e.g. Mt 2:9, 14; 4:4; 9:31; Mk 14:31 (cp. Just., A II, 2, 3). ὁ μὲν οὖν Ac 23:18; 28:5. οἱ μὲν οὖν 1:6; 5:41; 15:3, 30.—JO’Rourke, Paul’s Use of the Art. as a Pronoun, CBQ 34, ’72, 59–65.
    ② the, funct. to define or limit an entity, event, or state
    ⓐ w. nouns
    α. w. appellatives, or common nouns, where, as in Pla., Thu., Demosth. et al., the art. has double significance, specific or individualizing, and generic.
    א. In its individualizing use it focuses attention on a single thing or single concept, as already known or otherwise more definitely limited: things and pers. that are unique in kind: ὁ ἥλιος, ἡ σελήνη, ὁ οὐρανός, ἡ γῆ, ἡ θάλασσα, ὁ κόσμος, ἡ κτίσις, ὁ θεός (BWeiss [s. on θεός, beg.]), ὁ διάβολος, ὁ λόγος (J 1:1, 14), τὸ φῶς, ἡ σκοτία, ἡ ζωή, ὁ θάνατος etc. (but somet. the art. is omitted, esp. when nouns are used w. preps.; B-D-F §253, 1–4; Rob. 791f; Mlt-Turner 171). ἐν συναγωγῇ καὶ ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ J 18:20.—Virtues, vices, etc. (contrary to Engl. usage): ἡ ἀγάπη, ἡ ἀλήθεια, ἡ ἁμαρτία, ἡ δικαιοσύνη, ἡ σοφία et al.—The individualizing art. stands before a common noun that was previously mentioned (without the art.): τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους Lk 9:16 (after πέντε ἄρτοι vs. 13). τὸ βιβλίον 4:17b (after βιβλίον, vs. 17a), τοὺς μάγους Mt 2:7 (after μάγοι, vs. 1). J 4:43 (40); 12:6 (5); 20:1 (19:41); Ac 9:17 (11); Js 2:3 (2); Rv 15:6 (1).—The individ. art. also stands before a common noun which, in a given situation, is given special attention as the only or obvious one of its kind (Hipponax [VI B.C.] 13, 2 West=D.3 16 ὁ παῖς the [attending] slave; Diod S 18, 29, 2 ὁ ἀδελφός=his brother; Artem. 4, 71 p. 245, 19 ἡ γυνή=your wife; ApcEsdr 6:12 p. 31, 17 μετὰ Μωσῆ … ἐν τῷ ὄρει [Sinai]; Demetr. (?): 722 fgm 7 Jac. [in Eus., PE 9, 19, 4] ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος [Moriah]) τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ to the attendant (who took care of the synagogue) Lk 4:20. εἰς τὸν νιπτῆρα into the basin (that was there for the purpose) J 13:5. ἰδοὺ ὁ ἄνθρωπο here is this (wretched) man 19:5. ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης or ἐλευθέρας by the (well-known) slave woman or the free woman (Hagar and Sarah) Gal 4:22f. τὸν σῖτον Ac 27:38. ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇ 1 Cor 5:9 (s. ἐπιστολή) τὸ ὄρος the mountain (nearby) Mt 5:1; 8:1; 14:23; Mk 3:13; 6:46; Lk 6:12; 9:28 al.; ἡ πεισμονή this (kind of) persuasion Gal 5:8. ἡ μαρτυρία the (required) witness or testimony J 5:36.—The art. takes on the idea of κατʼ ἐξοχήν ‘par excellence’ (Porphyr., Abst. 24, 7 ὁ Αἰγύπτιος) ὁ ἐρχόμενος the one who is (was) to come or the coming one par excellence=The Messiah Mt 11:3; Lk 7:19. ὁ προφήτης J 1:21, 25; 7:40. ὁ διδάσκαλος τ. Ἰσραήλ 3:10 (Ps.-Clem., Hom. 5, 18 of Socrates: ὁ τῆς Ἑλλάδος διδάσκαλος); cp. MPol 12:2. With things (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Μάρπησσα: οἱ λίθοι=the famous stones [of the Parian Marble]) ἡ κρίσις the (last) judgment Mt 12:41. ἡ ἡμέρα the day of decision 1 Cor 3:13; (cp. Mi 4:6 Mt); Hb 10:25. ἡ σωτηρία (our) salvation at the consummation of the age Ro 13:11.
    ב. In its generic use it singles out an individual who is typical of a class, rather than the class itself: ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος Mt 12:35. κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον 15:11. ὥσπερ ὁ ἐθνικός 18:17. ὁ ἐργάτης Lk 10:7. ἐγίνωσκεν τί ἦν ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ J 2:25. τὰ σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου 2 Cor 12:12. ὁ κληρονόμος Gal 4:1. So also in parables and allegories: ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης Mt 24:43. Cp. J 10:11b, 12. The generic art. in Gk. is often rendered in Engl. by the indef. art. or omitted entirely.
    β. The use of the art. w. personal names is varied; as a general rule the presence of the art. w. a personal name indicates that the pers. is known; without the art. focus is on the name as such (s. Dssm., BPhW 22, 1902, 1467f; BWeiss, D. Gebr. des Art. b. d. Eigennamen [im NT]: StKr 86, 1913, 349–89). Nevertheless, there is an unmistakable drift in the direction of Mod. Gk. usage, in which every proper name has the art. (B-D-F §260; Rob. 759–61; Mlt-Turner 165f). The ms. tradition varies considerably. In the gospels the art. is usu. found w. Ἰησοῦς; yet it is commonly absent when Ἰ. is accompanied by an appositive that has the art. Ἰ. ὁ Γαλιλαῖος Mt 26:69; Ἰ. ὁ Ναζωραῖος vs. 71; Ἰ. ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός 27:17, 22. Sim. Μαριὰμ ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ Ἰ. Ac 1:14. The art. somet. stands before oblique cases of indecl. proper names, apparently to indicate their case (B-D-F §260, 2; Rob. 760). But here, too, there is no hard and fast rule.—HTeeple, NTS 19, ’73, 302–17 (synopt.).
    γ. The art. is customarily found w. the names of countries (B-D-F §261, 4; W-S. § 18, 5 d; Rob. 759f); less freq. w. names of cities (B-D-F §261, 1; 2; Rob. 760; Mlt-Turner 170–72). W. Ἰερουσαλήμ, Ἱεροσόλυμα it is usu. absent (s. Ἱεροσόλυμα); it is only when this name has modifiers that it must have the art. ἡ νῦν Ἰ. Gal 4:25; ἡ ἄνω Ἰ. vs. 26; ἡ καινὴ Ἰ. Rv 3:12. But even in this case it lacks the art. when the modifier follows: Hb 12:22.—Names of rivers have the art. ὁ Ἰορδάνης, ὁ Εὐφράτης, ὁ Τίβερις Hv 1, 1, 2 (B-D-F §261, 8; Rob. 760; Mlt-Turner 172). Likew. names of seas ὁ Ἀδρίας Ac 27:27.
    δ. The art. comes before nouns that are accompanied by the gen. of a pronoun (μοῦ, σοῦ, ἡμῶν, ὑμῶν, αὐτοῦ, ἑαυτοῦ, αὐτῶν) Mt 1:21, 25; 5:45; 6:10–12; 12:49; Mk 9:17; Lk 6:27; 10:7; 16:6; Ro 4:19; 6:6 and very oft. (only rarely is it absent: Mt 19:28; Lk 1:72; 2:32; 2 Cor 8:23; Js 5:20 al.).
    ε. When accompanied by the possessive pronouns ἐμός, σός, ἡμέτερος, ὑμέτερος the noun always has the art., and the pron. stands mostly betw. art. and noun: Mt 18:20; Mk 8:38; Lk 9:26; Ac 26:5; Ro 3:7 and oft. But only rarely so in John: J 4:42; 5:47; 7:16. He prefers to repeat the article w. the possessive following the noun ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμή J 5:30; cp. 7:6; 17:17; 1J 1:3 al.
    ζ. Adjectives (or participles), when they modify nouns that have the art., also come either betw. the art. and noun: ἡ ἀγαθὴ μερίς Lk 10:42; τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα 12:10; Ac 1:8; ἡ δικαία κρίσις J 7:24 and oft., or after the noun w. the art. repeated τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον Mk 3:29; J 14:26; Ac 1:16; Hb 3:7; 9:8; 10:15. ἡ ζωὴ ἡ αἰώνιος 1J 1:2; 2:25. τὴν πύλην τὴν σιδηρᾶν Ac 12:10. Only rarely does an adj. without the art. stand before a noun that has an art. (s. B-D-F §270, 1; Rob. 777; Mlt-Turner 185f): ἀκατακαλύπτῳ τῇ κεφαλῇ 1 Cor 11:5. εἶπεν μεγάλῃ τῇ φωνῇ Ac 14:10 v.l.; cp. 26:24. κοιναῖς ταῖς χερσίν Mk 7:5 D.—Double modifier τὸ πῦρ τὸ αἰώνιον τὸ ἡτοιμασμένον τῷ διαβόλῳ Mt 25:41. τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ χρυσοῦν τὸ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου Rv 8:3; 9:13. ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη ἡ καθημένη 17:1.—Mk 5:36 τὸν λόγον λαλούμενον is prob. a wrong rdg. (B has τὸν λαλ., D τοῦτον τὸν λ. without λαλούμενον).—On the art. w. ὅλος, πᾶς, πολύς s. the words in question.
    η. As in the case of the poss. pron. (ε) and adj. (ζ), so it is w. other expressions that can modify a noun: ἡ κατʼ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις Ro 9:11. ἡ παρʼ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη 11:27. ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 Cor 1:18. ἡ ἐντολὴ ἡ εἰς ζωήν Ro 7:10. ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεόν 1 Th 1:8. ἡ διακονία ἡ εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους 2 Cor 8:4.
    θ. The art. precedes the noun when a demonstrative pron. (ὅδε, οὗτος, ἐκεῖνος) belonging with it comes before or after; e.g.: οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος Lk 14:30; J 9:24. οὗτος ὁ λαός Mk 7:6. οὗτος ὁ υἱός μου Lk 15:24. οὗτος ὁ τελώνης 18:11 and oft. ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος Mk 14:71; Lk 2:25; 23:4, 14, 47. ὁ λαὸς οὗτος Mt 15:8. ὁ υἱός σου οὗτος Lk 15:30 and oft.—ἐκείνη ἡ ἡμέρα Mt 7:22; 22:46. ἐκ. ἡ ὥρα 10:19; 18:1; 26:55. ἐκ. ὁ καιρός 11:25; 12:1; 14:1. ἐκ. ὁ πλάνος 27:63 and oft. ἡ οἰκία ἐκείνη Mt 7:25, 27. ἡ ὥρα ἐκ. 8:13; 9:22; ἡ γῆ ἐκ. 9:26, 31; ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκ. 13:1. ὁ ἀγρὸς ἐκ. vs. 44 and oft.—ὁ αὐτός s. αὐτός 3b.
    ι. An art. before a nom. noun makes it a vocative (as early as Hom.; s. KBrugman4-AThumb, Griech. Gramm. 1913, 431; Schwyzer II 63f; B-D-F §147; Rob. 769. On the LXX Johannessohn, Kasus 14f.—ParJer 1:1 Ἰερεμία ὁ ἐκλεκτός μου; 7:2 χαῖρε Βαρούχι ὁ οἰκονόμος τῆς πίστεως) ναί, ὁ πατήρ Mt 11:26. τὸ κοράσιον, ἔγειρε Mk 5:41. Cp. Mt 7:23; 27:29 v.l.; Lk 8:54; 11:39; 18:11, 13 (Goodsp, Probs. 85–87); J 19:3 and oft.
    ⓑ Adjectives become substantives by the addition of the art.
    α. ὁ πονηρός Eph 6:16. οἱ σοφοί 1 Cor 1:27. οἱ ἅγιοι, οἱ πλούσιοι, οἱ πολλοί al. Likew. the neut. τὸ κρυπτόν Mt 6:4. τὸ ἅγιον 7:6. τὸ μέσον Mk 3:3. τὸ θνητόν 2 Cor 5:4. τὰ ἀδύνατα Lk 18:27. τὸ ἔλαττον Hb 7:7. Also w. gen. foll. τὰ ἀγαθά σου Lk 16:25. τὸ μωρόν, τὸ ἀσθενὲς τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 1:25; cp. vs. 27f. τὸ γνωστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 1:19. τὰ ἀόρατα τοῦ θεοῦ vs. 20. τὸ ἀδύνατον τοῦ νόμου 8:3. τὰ κρυπτὰ τῆς αἰσχύνης 2 Cor 4:2.
    β. Adj. attributes whose noun is customarily omitted come to have substantive force and therefore receive the art. (B-D-F §241; Rob. 652–54) ἡ περίχωρος Mt 3:5; ἡ ξηρά 23:15 (i.e. γῆ). ἡ ἀριστερά, ἡ δεξιά (sc. χείρ) 6:3. ἡ ἐπιοῦσα (sc. ἡμέρα) Ac 16:11. ἡ ἔρημος (sc. χώρα) Mt 11:7.
    γ. The neut. of the adj. w. the art. can take on the mng. of an abstract noun (Thu. 1, 36, 1 τὸ δεδιός=fear; Herodian 1, 6, 9; 1, 11, 5 τὸ σεμνὸν τῆς παρθένου; M. Ant. 1, 1; Just., D. 27, 2 διὰ τὸ σκληροκάρδιον ὑμῶν καὶ ἀχάριστον εἰς αὐτόν) τὸ χρηστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ God’s kindness Ro 2:4. τὸ δυνατόν power 9:22. τὸ σύμφορον benefit 1 Cor 7:35. τὸ γνήσιον genuineness 2 Cor 8:8. τὸ ἐπιεικές Phil 4:5 al.
    δ. The art. w. numerals indicates, as in Il. 5, 271f; X. et al. (HKallenberg, RhM 69, 1914, 662ff), that a part of a number already known is being mentioned (Diod S 18, 10, 2 τρεῖς μὲν φυλὰς … τὰς δὲ ἑπτά=‘but the seven others’; Plut., Cleom. 804 [8, 4] οἱ τέσσαρες=‘the other four’; Polyaenus 6, 5 οἱ τρεῖς=‘the remaining three’; Diog. L. 1, 82 Βίας προκεκριμένος τῶν ἑπτά=Bias was preferred before the others of the seven [wise men]. B-D-F §265): οἱ ἐννέα the other nine Lk 17:17. Cp. 15:4; Mt 18:12f. οἱ δέκα the other ten (disciples) 20:24; Mk 10:41; lepers Lk 17:17. οἱ πέντε … ὁ εἷς … ὁ ἄλλος five of them … one … the last one Rv 17:10.
    ⓒ The ptc. w. the art. receives
    α. the mng. of a subst. ὁ πειράζων the tempter Mt 4:3; 1 Th 3:5. ὁ βαπτίζων Mk 6:14. ὁ σπείρων Mt 13:3; Lk 8:5. ὁ ὀλεθρεύων Hb 11:28. τὸ ὀφειλόμενον Mt 18:30, 34. τὸ αὐλούμενον 1 Cor 14:7. τὸ λαλούμενον vs. 9 (Just., D. 32, 3 τὸ ζητούμενον). τὰ γινόμενα Lk 9:7. τὰ ἐρχόμενα J 16:13. τὰ ἐξουθενημένα 1 Cor 1:28. τὰ ὑπάρχοντα (s. ὑπάρχω 1). In Engl. usage many of these neuters are transl. by a relative clause, as in β below. B-D-F §413; Rob. 1108f.
    β. the mng. of a relative clause (Ar. 4, 2 al. οἱ νομίζοντες) ὁ δεχόμενος ὑμᾶς whoever receives you Mt 10:40. τῷ τύπτοντί σε Lk 6:29. ὁ ἐμὲ μισῶν J 15:23. οὐδὲ γὰρ ὄνομά ἐστιν ἕτερον τὸ δεδομένον (ὸ̔ δέδοται) Ac 4:12. τινές εἰσιν οἱ ταράσσοντες ὑμᾶς Gal 1:7. Cp. Lk 7:32; 18:9; J 12:12; Col 2:8; 1 Pt 1:7; 2J 7; Jd 4 al. So esp. after πᾶς: πᾶς ὁ ὀργιζόμενος everyone who becomes angry Mt 5:22. πᾶς ὁ κρίνων Ro 2:1 al. After μακάριος Mt 5:4, 6, 10. After οὐαὶ ὑμῖν Lk 6:25.
    ⓓ The inf. w. neut. art. (B-D-F §398ff; Rob. 1062–68) is used in a number of ways.
    α. It stands for a noun (B-D-F §399; Rob. 1062–66) τὸ (ἀνίπτοις χερσὶν) φαγεῖν Mt 15:20. τὸ (ἐκ νεκρῶν) ἀναστῆναι Mk 9:10. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν 12:33; cp. Ro 13:8. τὸ ποιῆσαι, τὸ ἐπιτελέσαι 2 Cor 8:11. τὸ καθίσαι Mt 20:23. τὸ θέλειν Ro 7:18; 2 Cor 8:10.—Freq. used w. preps. ἀντὶ τοῦ, διὰ τό, διὰ τοῦ, ἐκ τοῦ, ἐν τῷ, ἕνεκεν τοῦ, ἕως τοῦ, μετὰ τό, πρὸ τοῦ, πρὸς τό etc.; s. the preps. in question (B-D-F §402–4; Rob. 1068–75).
    β. The gen. of the inf. w. the art., without a prep., is esp. frequent (B-D-F §400; Mlt. 216–18; Rob. 1066–68; DEvans, ClQ 15, 1921, 26ff). The use of this inf. is esp. common in Lk and Paul, less freq. in Mt and Mk, quite rare in other writers. The gen. stands
    א. dependent on words that govern the gen.: ἄξιον 1 Cor 16:4 (s. ἄξιος 1c). ἐξαπορηθῆναι τοῦ ζῆν 2 Cor 1:8. ἔλαχε τοῦ θυμιᾶσαι Lk 1:9 (cp. 1 Km 14:47 v.l. Σαοὺλ ἔλαχεν τοῦ βασιλεύειν).
    ב. dependent on a noun (B-D-F §400, 1; Rob. 1066f) ὁ χρόνος τοῦ τεκεῖν Lk 1:57. ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτήν 2:6. ἐξουσία τοῦ πατεῖν 10:19. εὐκαιρία τοῦ παραδοῦναι 22:6. ἐλπὶς τοῦ σῴζεσθαι Ac 27:20; τοῦ μετέχειν 1 Cor 9:10. ἐπιποθία τοῦ ἐλθεῖν Ro 15:23. χρείαν ἔχειν τοῦ διδάσκειν Hb 5:12. καιρὸς τοῦ ἄρξασθαι 1 Pt 4:17. τ. ἐνέργειαν τοῦ δύνασθαι the power that enables him Phil 3:21. ἡ προθυμία τοῦ θέλειν zeal in desiring 2 Cor 8:11.
    ג. Somet. the connection w. the noun is very loose, and the transition to the consecutive sense (=result) is unmistakable (B-D-F §400, 2; Rob. 1066f): ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ τοῦ περιτεμεῖν αὐτόν Lk 2:21. ὀφειλέται … τοῦ κατὰ σάρκα ζῆν Ro 8:12. εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι 1:24. ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν 11:8. τὴν ἔκβασιν τοῦ δύνασθαι ὑπενεγκεῖν 1 Cor 10:13.
    ד. Verbs of hindering, ceasing take the inf. w. τοῦ μή (s. Schwyzer II 372 for earlier Gk; PGen 16, 23 [207 A.D.] κωλύοντες τοῦ μὴ σπείρειν; LXX; ParJer 2:5 φύλαξαι τοῦ μὴ σχίσαι τὰ ἱμάτιά σου): καταπαύειν Ac 14:18. κατέχειν Lk 4:42. κρατεῖσθαι 24:16. κωλύειν Ac 10:47. παύειν 1 Pt 3:10 (Ps 33:14). ὑποστέλλεσθαι Ac 20:20, 27. Without μή: ἐγκόπτεσθαι τοῦ ἐλθεῖν Ro 15:22.
    ה. The gen. of the inf. comes after verbs of deciding, exhorting, commanding, etc. (1 Ch 19:19; ParJer 7:37 διδάσκων αὐτοὺ τοῦ ἀπέχεσθαι) ἐγένετο γνώμης Ac 20:3. ἐντέλλεσθαι Lk 4:10 (Ps 90:11). ἐπιστέλλειν Ac 15:20. κατανεύειν Lk 5:7. κρίνειν Ac 27:1. παρακαλεῖν 21:12. προσεύχεσθαι Js 5:17. τὸ πρόσωπον στηρίζειν Lk 9:51. συντίθεσθαι Ac 23:20.
    ו. The inf. w. τοῦ and τοῦ μή plainly has final (=purpose) sense (ParJer 5:2 ἐκάθισεν … τοῦ ἀναπαῆναι ὀλίγον; Soph., Lex. I 45f; B-D-F §400, 5 w. exx. fr. non-bibl. lit. and pap; Rob. 1067): ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρων τοῦ σπείρειν a sower went out to sow Mt 13:3. ζητεῖν τοῦ ἀπολέσαι = ἵνα ἀπολέσῃ 2:13. τοῦ δοῦναι γνῶσιν Lk 1:77. τοῦ κατευθῦναι τοὺς πόδας vs. 79. τοῦ σινιάσαι 22:31. τοῦ μηκέτι δουλεύειν Ro 6:6. τοῦ ποιῆσαι αὐτά Gal 3:10. τοῦ γνῶναι αὐτόν Phil 3:10. Cp. Mt 3:13; 11:1; 24:45; Lk 2:24, 27; 8:5; 24:29; Ac 3:2; 20:30; 26:18; Hb 10:7 (Ps 39:9); 11:5; GJs 2:3f; 24:1.—The apparently solecistic τοῦ πολεμῆσαι Ro 12:7 bears a Semitic tinge, cp. Hos 9:13 et al. (Mussies 96).—The combination can also express
    ז. consecutive mng. (result): οὐδὲ μετεμελήθητε τοῦ πιστεῦσαι αὐτῷ you did not change your minds and believe him Mt 21:32. τοῦ μὴ εἶναι αὐτὴν μοιχαλίδα Ro 7:3. τοῦ ποιεῖν τὰ βρέφη ἔκθετα Ac 7:19. Cp. 3:12; 10:25.
    ⓔ The art. is used w. prepositional expressions (Artem. 4, 33 p. 224, 7 ὁ ἐν Περγάμῳ; 4, 36 ὁ ἐν Μαγνησίᾳ; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010 recto, 8–12] οἱ ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις … οἱ ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσι καὶ μετεώροις; Tat. 31, 2 οἱ μὲν περὶ Κράτητα … οἱ δὲ περὶ Ἐρατοσθένη) τῆς ἐκκλησίας τῆς ἐν Κεγχρεαῖς Ro 16:1. ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις ταῖς ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ Rv 1:4. τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῆς ἐν (w. place name) ἐκκλησίας 2:1, 8, 12, 18; 3:1, 7, 14 (on these pass. RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 42–45). τοῖς ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ to those in the house Mt 5:15. πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τ. οὐρανοῖς 6:9. οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας Hb 13:24. οἱ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ Ro 8:1. οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας 2:8. οἱ ἐκ νόμου 4:14; cp. vs. 16. οἱ ἐκ τῆς Καίσαρος οἰκίας Phil 4:22. οἱ ἐξ εὐωνύμων Mt 25:41. τὸ θυσιαστήριον … τὸ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου Rv 8:3; cp. 9:13. On 1:4 s. ref in B-D-F §136, 1 to restoration by Nestle. οἱ παρʼ αὐτοῦ Mk 3:21. οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ Mt 12:3. οἱ περὶ αὐτόν Mk 4:10; Lk 22:49 al.—Neut. τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ πλοίου pieces of wreckage fr. the ship Ac 27:44 (difft. FZorell, BZ 9, 1911, 159f). τὰ περί τινος Lk 24:19, 27; Ac 24:10; Phil 1:27 (Tat. 32, 2 τὰ περὶ θεοῦ). τὰ περί τινα 2:23. τὰ κατʼ ἐμέ my circumstances Eph 6:21; Phil 1:12; Col 4:7. τὰ κατὰ τὸν νόμον what (was to be done) according to the law Lk 2:39. τὸ ἐξ ὑμῶν Ro 12:18. τὰ πρὸς τὸν θεόν 15:17; Hb 2:17; 5:1 (X., Resp. Lac. 13, 11 ἱερεῖ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θεούς, στρατηγῷ δὲ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους). τὰ παρʼ αὐτῶν Lk 10:7. τὸ ἐν ἐμοί the (child) in me GJs 12:2 al.
    ⓕ w. an adv. or adverbial expr. (1 Macc 8:3) τὸ ἔμπροσθεν Lk 19:4. τὸ ἔξωθεν Mt 23:25. τὸ πέραν Mt 8:18, 28. τὰ ἄνω J 8:23; Col 3:1f. τὰ κάτω J 8:23. τὰ ὀπίσω Mk 13:16. τὰ ὧδε matters here Col 4:9. ὁ πλησίον the neighbor Mt 5:43. οἱ καθεξῆς Ac 3:24. τὸ κατὰ σάρκα Ro 9:5. τὸ ἐκ μέρους 1 Cor 13:10.—Esp. w. indications of time τό, τὰ νῦν s. νῦν 2b. τὸ πάλιν 2 Cor 13:2. τὸ λοιπόν 1 Cor 7:29; Phil 3:1. τὸ πρῶτον J 10:40; 12:16; 19:39. τὸ πρότερον 6:62; Gal 4:13. τὸ καθʼ ἡμέραν daily Lk 11:3.—τὸ πλεῖστον at the most 1 Cor 14:27.
    ⓖ The art. w. the gen. foll. denotes a relation of kinship, ownership, or dependence: Ἰάκωβος ὁ τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου Mt 10:2 (Thu. 4, 104 Θουκυδίδης ὁ Ὀλόρου [sc. υἱός]; Plut., Timol. 3, 2; Appian, Syr. 26 §123 Σέλευκος ὁ Ἀντιόχου; Jos., Bell. 5, 5; 11). Μαρία ἡ Ἰακώβου Lk 24:10. ἡ τοῦ Οὐρίου the wife of Uriah Mt 1:6. οἱ Χλόης Chloë’s people 1 Cor 1:11. οἱ Ἀριστοβούλου, οἱ Ναρκίσσου Ro 16:10f. οἱ αὐτοῦ Ac 16:33. οἱ τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Cor 15:23; Gal 5:24. Καισάρεια ἡ Φιλίππου Caesarea Philippi i.e. the city of Philip Mk 8:27.—τό, τά τινος someone’s things, affairs, circumstances (Thu. 4, 83 τὰ τοῦ Ἀρριβαίου; Parthenius 1, 6; Appian, Syr. 16 §67 τὰ Ῥωμαίων) τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, τῶν ἀνθρώπων Mt 16:23; 22:21; Mk 8:33; cp. 1 Cor 2:11. τὰ τῆς σαρκός, τοῦ πνεύματος Ro 8:5; cp. 14:19; 1 Cor 7:33f; 13:11. τὰ ὑμῶν 2 Cor 12:14. τὰ τῆς ἀσθενείας μου 11:30. τὰ τοῦ νόμου what the law requires Ro 2:14. τὸ τῆς συκῆς what has been done to the fig tree Mt 21:21; cp. 8:33. τὰ ἑαυτῆς its own advantage 1 Cor 13:5; cp. Phil 2:4, 21. τὸ τῆς παροιμίας what the proverb says 2 Pt 2:22 (Pla., Theaet. 183e τὸ τοῦ Ὁμήρου; Menand., Dyscolus 633 τὸ τοῦ λόγου). ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου in my Father’s house (so Field, Notes 50–56; Goodsp. Probs. 81–83; difft., ‘interests’, PTemple, CBQ 1, ’39, 342–52.—In contrast to the other synoptists, Luke does not elsewhere show Jesus ‘at home’.) Lk 2:49 (Lysias 12, 12 εἰς τὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ; Theocr. 2, 76 τὰ Λύκωνος; pap in Mayser II [1926] p. 8; POxy 523, 3 [II A.D.] an invitation to a dinner ἐν τοῖς Κλαυδίου Σαραπίωνος; PTebt 316 II, 23 [99 A.D.] ἐν τοῖς Ποτάμωνος; Esth 7:9; Job 18:19; Jos., Ant. 16, 302. Of the temple of a god Jos., C. Ap. 1, 118 ἐν τοῖς τοῦ Διός). Mt 20:15 is classified here by WHatch, ATR 26, ’44, 250–53; s. also ἐμός b.
    ⓗ The neut. of the art. stands
    α. before whole sentences or clauses (Epict. 4, 1, 45 τὸ Καίσαρος μὴ εἶναι φίλον; Prov. Aesopi 100 P. τὸ Οὐκ οἶδα; Jos., Ant. 10, 205; Just., D. 33, 2 τὸ γὰρ … [Ps 109:4]) τὸ Οὐ φονεύσεις, οὐ μοιχεύσεις κτλ. (quot. fr. the Decalogue) Mt 19:18; Ro 13:9. τὸ Καὶ μετὰ ἀνόμων ἐλογίσθη (quot. fr. Is 53:12) Lk 22:37. Cp. Gal 5:14. τὸ Εἰ δύνῃ as far as your words ‘If you can’ are concerned Mk 9:23. Likew. before indirect questions (Vett. Val. 291, 14 τὸ πῶς τέτακται; Ael. Aristid. 45, 15 K. τὸ ὅστις ἐστίν; ParJer 6:15 τὸ πῶς ἀποστείλης; GrBar 8:6 τὸ πῶς ἐταπεινώθη; Jos., Ant. 20, 28 ἐπὶ πείρᾳ τοῦ τί φρονοῖεν; Pel.-Leg. p. 20, 32 τὸ τί γένηται; Mel., Fgm. 8, 2 [Goodsp. p. 311] τὸ δὲ πῶς λούονται) τὸ τί ἂν θέλοι καλεῖσθαι αὐτό Lk 1:62. τὸ τίς ἂν εἴη μείζων αὐτῶν 9:46. τὸ πῶς δεῖ ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν 1 Th 4:1. Cp. Lk 19:48; 22:2, 4, 23f; Ac 4:21; 22:30; Ro 8:26; Hs 8, 1, 4.
    β. before single words which are taken fr. what precedes and hence are quoted, as it were (Epict. 1, 29, 16 τὸ Σωκράτης; 3, 23, 24; Hierocles 13 p. 448 ἐν τῷ μηδείς) τὸ ‘ἀνέβη’ Eph 4:9. τὸ ‘ἔτι ἅπαξ’ Hb 12:27. τὸ ‘Ἁγάρ’ Gal 4:25.
    ⓘ Other notable uses of the art. are
    α. the elliptic use, which leaves a part of a sentence accompanied by the art. to be completed fr. the context: ὁ τὰ δύο the man with the two (talents), i.e. ὁ τὰ δύο τάλαντα λαβών Mt 25:17; cp. vs. 22. τῷ τὸν φόρον Ro 13:7. ὁ τὸ πολύ, ὀλίγον the man who had much, little 2 Cor 8:15 after Ex 16:18 (cp. Lucian, Bis Accus. 9 ὁ τὴν σύριγγα [sc. ἔχων]; Arrian, Anab. 7, 8, 3 τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ [sc. ὁδόν]).
    β. Σαῦλος, ὁ καὶ Παῦλος Ac 13:9; s. καί 2h.
    γ. the fem. art. is found in a quite singular usage ἡ οὐαί (ἡ θλῖψις or ἡ πληγή) Rv 9:12; 11:14. Sim. ὁ Ἀμήν 3:14 (here the masc. art. is evidently chosen because of the alternate name for Jesus).
    ⓙ One art. can refer to several nouns connected by καί
    α. when various words, sing. or pl., are brought close together by a common art.: τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ γραμματεῖς Mt 2:4; cp. 16:21; Mk 15:1. ἐν τοῖς προφήταις κ. ψαλμοῖς Lk 24:44. τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ καὶ Σαμαρείᾳ Ac 1:8; cp. 8:1; Lk 5:17 al.—Even nouns of different gender can be united in this way (Aristoph., Eccl. 750; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 12 p. 37a οἱ δύο θεοί, of Apollo and Artemis; Ps.-Demetr., Eloc. c. 292; PTebt 14, 10 [114 B.C.]; En 18:14; EpArist 109) κατὰ τὰ ἐντάλματα καὶ διδασκαλίας Col 2:22. Cp. Lk 1:6. εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς καὶ φραγμούς 14:23.
    β. when one and the same person has more than one attribute applied to him: πρὸς τὸν πατέρα μου καὶ πατέρα ὑμῶν J 20:17. ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ τοῦ κυρίου Ἰ. Ro 15:6; 2 Cor 1:3; 11:31; Eph 1:3; 1 Pt 1:3. ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ (ἡμῶν) Eph 5:20; Phil 4:20; 1 Th 1:3; 3:11, 13. Of Christ: τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ σωτῆρος 2 Pt 1:11; cp. 2:20; 3:18. τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Tit 2:13 (PGrenf II, 15 I, 6 [139 B.C.] of the deified King Ptolemy τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ εὐεργέτου καὶ σωτῆρος [ἐπιφανοῦς] εὐχαρίστου).
    γ. On the other hand, the art. is repeated when two different persons are named: ὁ φυτεύων καὶ ὁ ποτίζων 1 Cor 3:8. ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ ὁ ἡγεμών Ac 26:30.
    ⓚ In a fixed expression, when a noun in the gen. is dependent on another noun, the art. customarily appears twice or not at all: τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 3:16; πνεῦμα θεοῦ Ro 8:9. ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ 2 Cor 2:17; λόγος θεοῦ 1 Th 2:13. ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου 2 Th 2:2; ἡμ. κ. 1 Th 5:2. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου Mt 8:20; υἱ. ἀ. Hb 2:6. ἡ ἀνάστασις τῶν νεκρῶν Mt 22:31; ἀ. ν. Ac 23:6. ἡ κοιλία τῆς μητρός J 3:4; κ. μ. Mt 19:12.—APerry, JBL 68, ’49, 329–34; MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 93–95.—DELG. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὁ

  • 10 μοχθηρός

    μοχθ-ηρός, ά, όν, also ός, όν E.Fr. 875: ([etym.] μοχθέω):—
    A suffering hardship, in sore distress, wretched, of persons, A.Th. 257;

    ὦ πόλλ' ἐγὼ μ. S.Ph. 254

    ; ὦ μόχθηρε σύ poor wretch! Ar. Ach. 165, Ra. 1175;

    ὦ μόχθηρε Pl.Phdr. 268e

    ; of conditions,

    μοχθηρῆς ἐούσης τῆς ζόης Hdt.7.46

    ; μοχθηρὰ τλῆναι suffer hardships, A.Ch. 752. Adv., σῶμα μοχθηρῶς διακείμενον in a bad way, Pl.Grg. 504e; ζῆν μ. ib. 505a;

    μ. ἔχειν Arist.Pol. 1254b1

    : [comp] Comp.,

    μοχθηροτέρως ἔχειν Pl.R. 343e

    : [comp] Sup. - ότατα

    , διακείμενοι Id.Erx. 406

    .
    2 in bad condition,

    βοῦς Ar.Eq. 316

    ;

    ἱμάτιον Cratin.207

    ;

    μοχθηρότερα ἀποδιδόντες ἢ παρέλαβον τὰ ἱμάτια Pl.Men. 91e

    ; καταλαβὼν μοχθηρὰ τὰ πράγματα finding trade in a bad state, D.34.8;

    μ. ἐλπίδας ἔχειν Din. 1.107

    ;

    μ. τραγῳδία Arist.Metaph. 1090b20

    ;

    ὕδατα Id.Pr. 872a10

    ;

    χρόα Id.HA 616b12

    ;

    ἀγωγή PTeb.24.57

     (ii B. C.); of persons, inferior, μ. (v.l. πονηρ-)

    ἰατρός Antipho 4.2.4

    ; also, of appearance, μοχθηρὸς τὴν ἰδέαν ugly, And.1.100; of arguments, unsound, fallacious, S.E.P.2.111; of persons, mistaken, Anon.Lond.27.24: so in Adv. -

    ρῶς, κρίνομεν S.E.M.7.210

    .
    II most freq. of persons, in moral sense, knavish, rascally, Th.8.73, etc.;

    ἐκ χρηστῶν καὶ γενναίων μοχθηροτάτους ἀπέδειξας Ar.Ra. 1011

    , cf. Pl.Men. 91e;

    τοὺς τρόπους μ. Ar.Pl. 1003

    ; of acts, etc.,

    μ. τι πράσσειν Trag.Adesp.510

    ;

    ὑφοψία μ. OGI315.58

     (Pessinus, ii B. C.);

    ῥῆμα μ. SIG1175.5

     (Piraeus, iv/iii B. C.);

    μοχθηρότερα λεγόντων X.HG1.4.13

     (v.l. - ότερον Adv. [comp] Comp.).—Some Gramm. write μόχθηρος, πόνηρος in signf. 1, μοχθηρός, πονηρός in signf. 11, Ammon.Diff.p.94 V., Arc.71.16, but Hdn.Gr.1.197 (ap.Eust.341.14 ) argues that like other Adjs. in - ρος these words ought to be oxyt. in both senses. In the voc. the best codd. always give μόχθηρε, Ar.Ach. 165,Ra. 1175, Pl. 391; cf. πονηρός.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μοχθηρός

  • 11 ψῡχή

    ψῡχή, ἡ, Hauch, Athem, Odem, und weil dieser früh als Zeichen und Bedingung des Lebens erkannt wurde, Leben, Lebenskraft, Seele; oft bei Hom.: τοῦ δ' αὖϑι λύϑη ψυχή τε μένος τε Il. 5, 296, u. oft; ψυχὴν Ἄϊδι δώσειν 5, 654; χερσὶν ὺπ' Ἀργείων ψυχὰς ὀλέσαντες 13, 763; τὸν δ' ἔλιπε ψυχή, κατὰ δ' ὀφϑαλμῶν κέχυτ' ἀχλύς 5, 696; Od. 14, 426; ἐπὴν δὴ τόν γε λίπῃ ψυχή τε καὶ αἰών Il. 16, 453, wie αἲ γὰρ δὴ ψυχῆς τε καὶ αἰῶνός σε δυναίμην εὖνιν ποιήσας πέμψαι δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω Od. 9, 523; auch ϑυμοῠ καὶ ψυχῆς κεκαδών vrbdn, Il. 11, 334, wie Od. 21, 154; ψυχῆς ὄλεϑρος, Vernichtung des Lebens, ll. 11, 325; ψυχὴν παρϑέμενος, sein Leben daran setzend, wagend, Od. 3, 74. 9, 255, wie αἰεὶ ἐμὴν ψυχὴν παραβαλλόμενος πολεμίζειν Il. 9, 322; περὶ ψυχῆς, ums Leben, zur Rettung oder Erhaltung des Lebens, Od. 9, 423; μάχεσϑ αι περὶ ψυχῆς 22, 245, wie ϑέειν περὶ ψυχῆς Il. 22, 161; τρέχειν περὶ ψυχῆς Her. 7, 37. 9, 37; ὁ περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀγών, Kampf auf Leben und Tod, s. Jac. Ach. Tat. p. 896; οὓς (ἀγῶνας) περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀγωνίζεσϑε Dem. 18, 262; κινδυνεύειν περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς Thuc. 8, 50; τῆς ψυχῆς πρίασϑαί τι, Etwas mit seinem Leben erkaufen, Xen. Cyr. 3, 1,36; τὴν ψυχήν τινος ζημιοῠσϑαι, an Jemandes Leben, d. i. dadurch gestraft werden, daß einem Andern das Leben genommen wird, Her. 7, 39; ποινὴν τῆς Αἰσώπου ψυχῆς ἀνελέσϑαι, Rache nehmen für das dem Aesop genommene Leben, 2, 134; so auch Pind.: ἀπὸ ψυχὰν λιπών P. 3, 101; ἀπέπνευσεν ψυχάς N. 1, 47, vgl. Ol. 8, 39 N. 9, 32; ψυχὴν Ἀΐδᾳ τελέων I. 1, 68; οὐκ ἐᾷ ἡμᾶς οὐδὲ ψυχῆς λαχεῖν, das Leben genießen, seiner froh werden, van einem Menschen, der uns plagt und ängstigt, Phryn. in B. A. 73; τὰς πάνυ πολλὰς ψυχὰς ὀλέσασ' ὑπὸ Τροίᾳ Aesch. Ag. 1432, vgl. 1445; ὡς ἔλεξα τῆς ἐμῆς περὶ ψυχῆς Eum. 115; τῶνδε γὰρ πλέον φέρω πένϑος ἢ καὶ τῆς ἐμῆς ψυχῆς πέρι Soph. O. R. 94; ἐπ' ἀργύρῳ γε τὴν ψυχὴν προδούς Ant. 322; ἐκπνέων ψυχὴν ἐμήν Eur. Gr. 1163; ψυχὴν δώσω τῆςδ' ὑπερϑανεῖν χϑονός Phoen. 1005; ψυχὴν σέϑεν ἔκτεινε Troad. 1214, u. öfter; φιλῶ τὴν ἐμὴν ψυχήν Ar. Ach. 338; τὸν περὶ ψυχῆς δρόμον δραμεῖν Vesp. 376; ψυχὴν ἐκπίνειν, das Blut aussaugen, Nubb. 703; τῆς ψυχῆς ἀποστερεῖν τινα Thuc. 1, 136; σώζειν τὰς ψυχάς Xen. Cyr. 4, 1,5. – Auch vom Leben der Thiere, Hes. Sc. 173. – Dieser Lebenshauch, der im Tode erlischt, geht nach der Vorstellung der Alten in die Unterwelt, dort mit einem Schattenkörper (der nicht mit Händen zu greifen ist, Od. 11, 207) verbunden, ohne den denkenden Geist (vgl. φρήν); dah. ψυχή die Seele des Abgeschiedenen in der Unterwelt; ψυχαὶ δ' Ἄϊδόςδε κατῆλϑον Il. 7, 330, wie Od. 10, 560. 11, 65; u. noch genauer beschrieben : ἀνδρὸς δὲ ψυχὴ πάλιν ἐλϑεῖν οὔτε λεϊστή, οὔϑ' ἑλετή, ἐπεὶ ἄρ κεν ἀμείψεται ἕρκος ὀδόντων, Il. 9, 408; ψυχὴ δὲ κατ' οὐταμένην ὠτειλὴν ἔσσυτ' ἐπενγομένη 14, 518, wo die Seele also mit dem Blute entströmt; vgl. τοῖο δ' ἅμα ψυχήν τε καὶ ἔγχεος ἐξέρυσ' αἰχμήν 16, 505; 23, 104 ἦ ῥά τίς ἐστι καὶ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοισιν ψυχὴ καὶ εἴδωλον· ἀτὰρ φρένες οὐκ ἔνι πάμπαν; vgl. 72, wo ausdrücklich bemerkt ist, daß der Schatten vollkommen die Gestalt dessen behielt, dem er im Leben angehört hatte; oft in Od. 11, u. 24, 1 ff.; vgl. noch Il. 1, 3 Od. 14, 134; so auch Tragg., wie Aesch. Pers. 622 Soph. O. C. 1003. – Auch ein Schmetterling, eine Motte, die man als Sinnbild des Lebens und der Unsterblichkeit der Seele brauchte, wegen der Verwandlung aus einer Raupe und Puppe, Arist. H. A. 4, 7. – Der abstrakte Begriff der Seele entwickelt sich seit Her., ἀνϑρώπ ου ψυχὴ ἀϑάνατός ἐστι 2, 123; Plat. Phaedr. 245 c Prot. 313 a u. öfter. – Seele, Herz, als Sitz des Willens, der Begierden und der Leidenschaften, Gesinnung, Gemüth, Her. 3, 14; auch = Muth, τὴν ψυχὴν πονηρός, ἐν ναυμαχίᾳ, Lys. 20, 14; οἷος ἦν τὴν ψυχήν ib. 24; ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς, aus innerster Seele, von ganzem Herzen, τίνα οἴεσϑέ με τὴν ψυχὴν ἔχειν, wie glaubt ihr, daß mir zu Muthe ist, Dem. 28, 21. – Sinnliche Neigung, Appetit, ἡ ψυχὴ οὐ προςίεται σῖτον Xen. Cyr. 8, 7,4; – δοῠναί τι τῇ ψυχῇ, der Neigung, dem Hange wozu folgen, nachgeben, ψυχῇ διδόντες ἡδονὴν καϑ' ἡμέραν Aesch. Pers. 827 (vgl. Theocr. 16, 24); ἐκμαϑεῖν ἀνδρὸς ψυχήν τε καὶ φρόνημα καὶ γνώμην Soph. Ant. 176; ἐν τοῖσιν ὠσὶν ἢ 'πὶ τῇ ψυχῇ δάκνει 317, u. öfter; τίν' ἔχεις ψυχήν Eur. Or. 525; ἀρσένων μείζονες ψυχαί Suppl. 1103; τῶν γερόντων οἶδα τὰς ψυχάς Ar. Ach. 353; ψυχὴν ἐμπλησάμενος Διοπείϑους Vesp. 380; ταῖς ψυχαῖς παρεσκευασμένοι Xen. Cyr. 2, 1,11; ἥ μου ψυχὴ παρεσκεύασται, ich will, bin bereit, 5, 1,26; ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς φίλος, ein wahrer Freund, An. 7, 7,43; ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ Mem. 3, 11, 18. – Auch Geist, Verstand, Her. 5, 124; τῇ ψυχῇ τοῦτ' οἶδε Dem. 21, 221. – In der Anrede, φίλη ψυχή, liebe Seele, ὧ ἀγαϑὴ καὶ πιστὴ ψυχή Xen. Cyr. 7, 3,8.

    Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > ψῡχή

  • 12 ἀγοραῖος

    ἀγοραῖος, αία, αῐον, Plut., Herodian, wie Pollux 7, 6. Auch ἡ ἀγοραῖος (ἀγορά), den Markt betreffend: a) ϑεοὶ ἀγοραῖοι, Aesch. Ag. 90 ch., entgegengesetzt den οὐράνιοι, die auf dem Markt verkehrten; aber auch die den Versammlungen Vorstehenden, wie Θέμις ἀγοραία von Hes. ἐκκλησιαστική erkl. wird, mit Hinblick auf Od. 2, 69. Ebenso stellt Poll. 1, 24 ϑεοὶ φράτριοι, ἀγοραῖοι, ἐπικάρπιοι, στράτιοι zusammen. Bes. heißt so Ζεύς, wobei nach alten Erkl. mehr an die Versammlungen zu denken ( ἐν ἐκκλησίαις καὶ δίκαις δίκην διδοὺς ἀγοραῖος κέκληται), Aesch. Eum. 931; Διὸς ἀγοραίου ἱκέται ὄντες Eur. Heracl. 70; Her. 5, 46; Aristoph. Equitt. 408. 498; Theophr. bei Stob. flor. 44, 22; Plut. de gen. Socr., wo ihm Μοῠσαι hinzugefügt sind; vgl. Paus. 3, 11, 8. 5, 15, 3. So Ἑρμῆς, wo an den Handel zu denken, Cornut. de N. D., ἐπίσκοπος γὰρ τῶν ἀγοραζόντων; Aristoph. Equitt. 297; Luc. Jup. Trag. 33; cf. Paus. 1, 15, 2. 9, 7. 9, 17, 1. Einzeln kommen bei Paus. vor: Ἄρτεμις 5, 15, 3 (ἀγοραία), Ἀϑηνᾶ 3, 11, 8. – b) ἄνϑρωποι ἀγοραῖοι, auf dem Markt verkehrende M., VLL. οἱ ἐν ἀγορᾷ καταστρεφόμενοι, zunächst Krämer, mitden κάπηλοι, den Kaufleuten, ἔμπο-ροι, entgegengesetzt, Xen. Lac. 3, 13; Her. 1, 93 verb. sie mit χειρώνακτες, 2, 141 mit κάπηλοι und χειρ. Allgemeiner Arist. Pol. IV, 3 τὸ ἀγοραῖον (γένος) τὸ περὶ πράσεις καὶ τὰς ἐμπορίας καὶ καπηλείας διατρῖβον; IV, 4 init. kürzer τὸ περὶ ὠνὴν καὶ πρᾶσιν; VI, 2 stellt er βάναυσοι u. τὸ ϑητικόν mit ἀγ. ἄνϑρωποι zusammen; Oec. II sind τέλη ἀγοραῖα Waarenzölle. – c) Nach B. A. 339 (ἀγοραῖος νοῦς ὁ πάνυ εὐτελὴ, καὶ συρφετώδης οὐδὲ πεφροντισμένος, οἱγὰρ ἀγς ἄνϑρωποι ἀμαϑεῖς καὶ ἀπαίδευτοι) nahm das Wort die Bdtg gem ein, schlechtan; Ar. Equ. 214, von einem zu einem Demagogen befähigten Menschen, γέγονας κακός, ἀγοραῖος εἶ, du bist ein Mann des Markts; Ran. 1075 πανοῦργος καὶ ἀγ., ein Pflastertreter; Plat. Prot. 347 e ἀγ. καὶ φαῦλοι; Theophr. Char. 6 τῷ ἤϑει ἀγ. gemein von Charakter. Uebrtr. σκώμματα, gemeine. Witze, Arist. Pax 750; ἀγοραῖα τεκμήρια Aeschin. 1, 125, wie Arist. Eth. N. VIII, 13, 6 ἀγοραία φιλία der ἰλευϑεριωτέρα entgegensetzt, und Luc. Histor. conscr. 44 ὀνόματα ἀγ, καὶ καπηλικά, Plut. Symp. 1, 1 λόγος βάναυσος καὶ ἀγ. zusammenstellt; ὀψάρια ἀγοραῖα Diphil. Ath. VII, 292 b. Sp. auch im guten Sinne, Plut. Pericl. 11 ἀγ. καὶ πολιτικός, der in der Volksversammlung herrschende; vgl. Symp. 7, 7; aber de vit. pud. 8 ist ἀνὴρ ἀγ. ein gewandter Advocat. – d) B. A. 330 ἀγοραίαν δίκην, τὴν δικαιολογίαν deutet an, daß es auch von Processen gebraucht wurde. So Her. ἀγοραῖος διαφορά 7, 9, διοίκησις 6, 2; Plut. χρεία ἀγ. Lyc. 25. – Ben comparat. ἀγοραιότεροι hat Ptol. Euerg. bei Ath. X, 438 f. Nach Ammon. machte man den Unterschied, daß ἀγόραιος ὁ πονηρός, ὁ ἐν ἀγορᾷ τεϑραμμένος (c), ἀγοραῖος ὁ ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ τιμώμενος (a), was, zu eng, auch auf (b) auszudehnen ware. – Adv., ἀγοραίως λέγειν Dionys. C. V. 10, 11, pöbelhaft reden; oder advokatenmäßig, Plut. C. Graech. 4 Ant. 24.

    Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > ἀγοραῖος

  • 13 πικρός

    πικρός, bei Dichtern auch 2 Endgn, wie Od. 4, 406, eigtl. spitz, scharf (vgl. Buttm. Lexil. I p. l 7), ὀϊστός, βέλεμνα, Hom.; γλωχίν, Soph. Trach. 678; daher übh. eindringend, scharf auf die Sinne wirkend; – a) vom Geschmack, herb, bitter; ῥίζα, Il. 11, 846; ἅλμη, Od. 5, 322; ähnlich δάκρυον, 4, 153; ἀπ' ὄμφακος πικρᾶς οἶνος, Aesch. Ag. 944; πικρὰν χολὴν κλύζουσι φαρμάκῳ πικρῷ, Soph. frg. 733; Ggstz von γλυκύς, Her. 7, 35; so auch τὸ λεγόμενον πικρῷ γλυκὺ μεμιγμένον, Plat. Phil. 46 c; πικροὶ καὶ χολώδεις χυμοί, Tim. 86 e. – b) vom Geruch, durchdringend, Od. 4, 406. – c) vom Gefühl, stechend, schneidend, tief schmerzend, ὠδῖνες, Il. 11, 271, wie Soph. Trach. 41, u. eben so, πικροῠ τοῠδ' αἰόλου κνώδοντος, Ai. 1003. – d) vom Gehör, durchdringend, scharf, gellend, bes. von sehr hohen, das Trommelfell schmerzhaft reizenden Tönen, Ar. Pax 795, πικρᾶς οἰμωγᾶς, Soph. Phil. 189, φϑόγγος, O. C. 1606, u. ä., πικρᾶς ὄρνιϑος ὀξὺν φϑόγγον, Ant. 419. – el überh. schmerzhaft, widerwärtig, wodurch man sich verletzt, gekränkt fühlt, Od. 17, 448; πικροτάτα τελευτά, Pind. I. 6, 43; δύαι, Aesch. Prom. 178; τιμωρία, Pers. 465; γάμου πικρὰς τελευτάς, Ag. 725, λύπη, Soph. bl. 644; ἀγῶνες, Ai. 1218; vgl. πικρὰν δοκῶ με πεῖραν τήνδε τολμήσειν ἔτι, El. 462; νόστος, Eur. Phoen. 956; λύπη, Or. 1105; πικροτάτους δεσμούς, Bacch. 634; πικροὺς ἰγώ σοι δείξω νόμους, Ar. Av. 1045; u. in Prosa; ούδὲν τῆς ἀνάγκης πικρότερον, Antiph. 2 β 4; χαλεπὴν καὶ σφόδρα πικρὰν γειτονίαν, Plat. Legg. VIII, 843 c; λόγοι, Gorg. 522 b. – f) auch von Personen, heftig, jähzornig, bes. feindselig, τοὺς φιλτάτους γὰρ οἶδα νῷν ὄντας πικρούς, Aesch. Ch. 232; ἄϑεον ἄνδρα καὶ τοκεῠσιν πικρόν, Eum 147; πικρὸς πολίταις ἐστίν, Eur. Med. 224, u. öfter; εἴς τινα, Her. 1, 123; πονηρὸς καὶ πικρὸς καὶ συκοφάντης vrbdt Dem. 25, 45; u. so adv., ὠμῶς καὶ πικρῶς ἔχειν ἐπί τινι, ib. 83; τύραννος, Pol. 7, 13, 7; δικαστής, streng, 5, 41, 3; καὶ ἀπαραίτητος u. ä. oft (vgl. Arist. eth. 4, 11); u. so auch im adv., πικρῶς διακεῖσϑαι πρός τινα, 4, 14, 1; πικρότατα χρῆσϑαί τινι, 1, 72, 3, u. a. Sp. – [ Hom. braucht ι lang, es findet sich aber auch kurz, Soph. Ai. 500, Theocr. 8, 74]

    Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > πικρός

  • 14 ΚΑΛός

    ΚΑΛός, ή, όν, schön; zunächst – a) von dem in die Augen Fallenden, von der äußeren Gestalt, von Hom. an, sowohl von Menschen u. Thieren, als von Sachen; oft verbunden καλός τε μέγας τε, bes. von Männern; Hom. καλός δέμας, schön an Gestalt, Od. 17, 307; öfter von einzelnen Theilen des Körpers, πρόςωπα, ὄμματα, παρήϊα, σφυρά, χρόα καλόν, von Kleidern, φάρεα, ῥήγεα, κρήδεμνον, ζώνη, εἵματα, πέδιλα, von Waffen, σάκος, φάσγανον, τεύχεα, von anderen Geräthen, δέπας, ἄλενσον, von Gebäuden, Geschenken, Gegenden, wo es oft durch angenehm, reizend, lieblich wiedergegeben werden kann; ἐςορᾶν καλός, schön anzusehen, Pind. Ol. 8, 19; ἰδέᾳ καλός, schön von Ansehen, Ol. 1, 103, καλὸς τὴν ὄψιν Ath. XII, 517 e; καλοὶ τὰ σώματα Xen. Mem. 2, 6, 30; εἶδος κάλλιστος Cyr. 1, 2, 1; μορφὴ καλή Soph. O. C. 584; κόσμος Eur. Hipp. 632; εἴϑ' αἴσχιον εἶδος ἀντὶ τοῠ καλοῠ λάβω Hel. 270; γυνὴ καλὴ καὶ εὐειδής Plat. Crit. 44 a; von Metallen, echt, im Ggstz v. κίβδηλος, Xen. Mem. 3, 1, 9; – τὸ καλόν, Schönheit, Zier, Schmuck; τὸ καλὸν βίου Eur. I. A. 20; Xen. Cyr. 7, 3, 16; τὰ τοῦ βίου, die Genüsse, Reize, Annehmlichkeiten des Lebens, Her. 1, 207; Xen. Cyr. 7, 2, 13, καλὰ πάσχειν, sich wohl befinden. – Die Liebhaber schnitten den Namen der Geliebten mit dem Zusatz ὁ καλός, ἡ καλή in die Bäume ein od. schrieben ihn auf die Thüren u. Fenster, vgl. die Ausleger tu Ar. Ach. 194 Vesp. 98. – b) schön für einen besondern Zweck, tauglich, brauchbar, wie man etwa λιμήν Od. 6. 263 u. einzelne andere Verbindungen bei Hom. fassen kann; öfter bei den Att., σῶμα καλὸν πρὸς δρόμον, πρὸς πάλην, Plat. Hipp. mai. 295 c; dem χρήσιμος entsprechend, Dem. 61, 32; ἀεὶ καλὸς πλοῠς ἔσϑ' ὅταν φεύγῃς κακά Soph. Phil. 637; οἰωνοί, Glück bedeutende, Eur. Ion 1333; beim Opfer der gew. Ausdruck τὰ ἱερά έστι καλά, Xen. An. 1, 8, 15, vgl. Krüger zu 6, 2, 9, die Opfer sind gut, fallen glücklich aus; οὐ γὰρ σφάγια γίνεται καλά Aesch. Spt. 361; ähnl. τὸ δὲ τέλος καλὸν τῆς ἐξόδου, das Ende werde glücklich sein, Xen. An. 5, 2, 9; so ἡμέραι Soph. El. 607; ἐν καλῷ, sc. τόπῳ, am rechten, gelegenen, bequemen Orte, κεῖσϑαι τὴν Κέρκυραν ἐν καλῷ τοῦ Κορινϑιακοῦ κόλπου Xen. Hell. 6, 2, 9, ποῦ καϑίζωμ' ἐν καλῷ τῶν ῥητόρων ἵν' ἐξακούω Ar. Th. 292, Luc. Navig. 15; häufiger sc. χρόνῳ, zur rechten, gelegenen Zeit, νῦν γὰρ ἐν καλῷ φρονεῖν Soph. El. 376, ἐν καλῷ σ' ἔξω δόμων ηὕρηκα Eur. I. A. 1106, ἐν οὐ καλῷ μὲν ἐμνήσϑην ϑεῶν Or. 578; in Prosa, Plat. Rep. IX, 571 b; Xen. Hell. 4, 3, 5 u. sonst; ἐν καλῷ ἐδόκει ἡ μάχη ἔσεσϑαι Thuc. 5, 59, wo der Schol. ἐπὶ συμφέροντι erkl. So auch ἐς καλὸν σὺ εἶπας Soph. O. R. 78; εἰς καλὸν ἥκεις ὅπως συνδειπνήσῃς Plat. Conv. 174 e; im superl., ἥκετον εἰς κάλλιστον, zu sehr gelegener Zeit, Euthyd. 275 b; εἰς καλόν γε ὑμῖν συντετύχηκα Xen. Conv. 1, 4; ἥκεις An. 4, 7, 3; νῦν καλὸν κορέσαι στόμα, jetzt ists Zeit, Soph. Phil. 1140; νῠν ἐστιν εὔξασϑαι καλόν Ar. Par 278. – c) von innerer Beschaffenheit, sittlich schön, gut, trefflich; Hom. nur im neutr., οὐ καλὸν ὑπέρβιον εὐχετάασϑαι, es ist nicht schön, ziemt sich nicht, Il. 17, 19; καλόν τοι, es steht dir wohl an, 9, 615; οὐ γὰρ ἔμοιγε καλόν 21, 440; im plur., οὐ μὴν καλὰ χόλον τόνδ' ἔνϑεο ϑυμῷ, es ist nicht schön, daß du solchen Zorn hegst, 6, 326, s. nachher; ἐργμάτων ἀκτὶς καλῶν ἄσβεστος, schöner Thaten, Pind. I. 3, 60; τέϑνηκεν, οὗπερ τοῖς νέοις καλόν, wo es schön, ehrenvoll ist, Aesch. Spt. 1002; Ag. 1592; καλὸς γὰρ οὑμὸς βίοτος ὥςτε ϑαυμάσαι Soph. El. 385; οὔτ' ἐμοὶ τοῠτ' ἔστιν, οὔτε σοὶ καλόν, es ziemt nicht mir, Phil. 1288; καλόν μοι τοῠτο ποιούσῃ ϑανεῖν Ant. 72; κλέος Eur. Alc. 1225; ὄνειδος Med. 514; καλὸν αὐτῷ, es ist ehrenvoll für ihn, Thuc. 3, 94, u. A., bes. als neutr. – Von Plat. an von Menschen, bes. καλὸς κἀγαϑός, der wackere, ehrenwerthe Mann, durch Sokrates üblich gewordener Ausdruck, Ggstz ἄδικος καὶ πονηρός, Gorg. 470 e; ἅμα μὲν καλός, ἅμα δὲ ἀγαϑός Tim. 88 c; καλὸς τἄνδοϑεν Phaedr. 279 b; auch neutr., οὐδὲν καλὸν κἀγαϑὸν εἰδέναι Apol. 21 d; ἀγαϑὸν ἄνδρα καὶ καλὰ πράττοντα Xen. Cyr. 3, 1, 10; ἀσκηταὶ τῶν καλῶν κἀγαϑῶν ἔργων 1, 5, 9; Mem. 2, 1, 20. – Τὸ καλόν, das sittlich Gute, die Tugend, τὰ καλά, edle, gute, rühmliche Handlungen, Ggstz αἰσχρός. – Τὰ καλά von den Staatseinrichtungen der Lacedämonier, Xen. Lac. 3, 3 Hell. 5, 5, 9; so sagt ein Laced. ἔῤῥει τὰ καλά 1, 1, 23. – Adv. καλῶς, schön, in den verschiedenen Vdtgn; Hom. nur einmal, οὐδ' ἔτι καλῶς οἶκος ἐμὸς διόλωλε Od. 2, 63; gewöhnlich καλόν od. καλά, ὑμεῖς οὐκέτι καλὰ μεϑίετε ϑούριδος ἀλκῆς, auf unschöne, ungeziemende Weise, Il. 13, 116, vgl. Od. 15, 10. 17, 397; καλὰ μελπόμενος Pind. N. 1, 20, φρονεῖν καλῶς Aesch. Pers. 711, ϑανεῖν Ch. 350. καλῶς ἔχει τὰ πλεῖστα Spt. 781; καλῶς εὶδώς Soph. O. R. 317; καλῶς πράττειν, sich wohl befinden, Glück haben, Ant. 271 Tr. 57. 229 u. A.; καλῶς ζῆν ἢ καλῶς τεϑνηκέναι Ai. 474; καλῶς καὶ εὖ ἐπαίδευσεν Plat. Prot. 319 e; καλῶς καὶ εὖ πράττειν Charm. 172 a; vgl. über diese Vrbdg Lob. Paralip. p. 65; τί δήποτε ἅπαντ' εἶχε καλῶς τότε, καὶ νῦν οὐκ ὀρϑῶς; Dem. 3, 30, warum stand damals Alles gut? εἰ καλῶς σφισιν ἔχοι, wenn es ihnen gut, zuträglich sei, Thuc. 4, 117; καλῶς παράπλου κεῖται, günstig für die Fahrt, 1, 36, ἐν παράπλῳ 1, 44. – Allein: καλῶς, billigend, recht so, gut, Eur. Or. 1216 Ar. Ran. 888 Dem. 39, 14; πάνυ καλῶς, ganz wohl, schon gut, womit man höflich die Fortsetzung des Gesprächs ablehnt, Ar. Ran. 512; vgl. κάλλιστ' ἐπαινῶ 508. – Comparat. u. superl. καλλίων, κάλλιστος, in allen den Vrbdgn des Positivs; Hom. πολὺ καλλίονες καὶ μείζονες εἰςοράασϑαι Od. 10, 396; οὐ μήν οἱ τόγε κάλλιον οὐδέ τ' ἄμεινον Il. 24, 52; ὃς δὴ κάλλιστος γένετο ϑνητῶν ἀνϑρώπων 24, 233; κάλλιστον ἦμαρ εἰςιδεῖν ἐκ χείματος Aesch. Ag. 874; ἄνδρα δ' ὠφελεῖν κάλλιστος πόνων Soph. O. C. 315; κάλλιστον ϑέαμα Plat. Rep. III, 402 d; καλλίοσιν ὀνόμασι χρῆσϑαι Phil. 43 d; πάντων κάλλιστα, ganz vortrefflich, Soph. 227 c u. sonst; auch καλλιόνως, Legg. II, 660 d Theaet. 169 e; καλλιώτερον stand früher Thuc. 4, 118, findet sich sicher eest bei Sp., vgl. Lob. zu Phryn. p. 136; bei Psell. καλλιστότατος. – [Α ist bei Hom. u. den Epikern, wie den alten jambischen Dichtern lang, nur Hes. O. 63 Th. 585 kurz; bei Pind. u. den attischen Dichtern kurz; bei den epigrammatischen u. bukolischen Dichtern nach Versbedürfniß lang u. kurz, in der Thesis gew. kurz, vgl. Jacobs Anth. Pal. p. 761.] – In den Zusammensetzungen ist καλλι-die gewöhnliche Form, erst sehr Späte u. die Grammatiker haben καλο-, worin α immer kurz ist.

    Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > ΚΑΛός

  • 15 ἄγγελος

    ἄγγελος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+) ‘messenger’.
    ① a human messenger serving as an envoy, an envoy, one who is sent
    ⓐ by humans (Hom.+; ins, pap; Gen 32:4, 7; Jdth 1:11; 3:1; 1 Macc 1:44; 7:10; Jos., Ant. 14, 451, Vi. 89): in his earthly ministry Jesus ἀπέστειλεν ἀγγέλους (Diod S 2,18,1 the king of India to Semiramis; 4, 65, 4) Lk 9:52; of John the Baptist’s disciples 7:24; of Joshua’s scouts Js 2:25 (cp. Josh 7:22).
    ⓑ by God (prophets Hg 1:13; Mal subscr.; a priest Mal 2:7.—1 Esdr 1:48f. S. also Theognis 1, 769, where the poet is Μουσέων ἄγγελος; Epict. 3, 22, 23; 38; Ael. Aristid. 37 K.=1 p. 15 D.; Maximus Tyr. 11, 9c Plato, as the one who brings us information about God, is called ὁ ἐξ Ἀκαδημίας ἄγγ.; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 20, 3; 5 Carnus the soothsayer is ἄγγ. of the gods) of John the Baptist as forerunner Mt 11:10; Mk 1:2; Lk 7:27 (all Mal 3:1; cp. Ex 23:20).
    ② a transcendent power who carries out various missions or tasks, messenger, angel (ἄ. as a spirit-being, oft. connected w. the nether world in Gr-Rom. sources [EZiebarth, Neue attische Fluchtafeln: NGG 1899, 127ff no. 24; IG XII/3, 933–74. Other material in Dibelius, Geisterwelt 209ff. S. also the oracles: Theosophien 13 p. 169, 31; Ps.-Callisth. 1, 1, 3 ἐπεκαλεῖτο τοὺς ἀγγέλους καὶ θεὸν Ἄμμωνα; 2, 25, 1; Porphyr., Ad Marcellam 21 ἄγγελοι θεῖοί τε κ. ἀγαθοὶ δαίμονες; Hierocles 3, 424; 23, 468.—ἄ. w. θεοί and δαίμονες Damascius (V/VI A.D.) 183 Ruelle; ἄ. w. δαίμονες and ἥρωες Proclus, Rep. II 243 Kroll, Tim. III 109 Diehl.—FCumont, RHR 72, 1915, 159–82; FAndres, D. Engellehre d. griech. Apologeten 1914 and in Pauly-W. Suppl. III 1918, 101ff; Rtzst., Myst. 171, 2; Bousset, ARW 18, 1915, 170ff] and as a transcendent power in Judaism [LXX; En 10:7; 20:1; 99:3 al.; Essenes in Jos., Bell. 2, 142; Philo, cp. Schürer III 881–85 (on Philo) w. lit.; Joseph.; Test12Patr; prayers for vengeance fr. Rheneia (I B.C.) 9f κύριε ὁ πάντα ἐφορῶν καὶ οἱ ἄνγελοι θεοῦ; on this Dssm. LO 353f; 357=LAE 414; 418f; SIG 1181 w. note 2; PFouad 203, 3f (I A.D.); on this PBenoit, RB 58, ’51, 549–65; PKatz, TZ 10, ’54, 228–31. Loanw. in rabb.—Bousset, Rel. 320ff; J-BFrey, L’Angélologie juive au temps de J-Chr.: RSPT 5, 1911, 75–110; HKuhn, JBL 67, ’48, 217–32 Jewish apocalypses], likewise in the magical pap, w. their mixture of gentile and Jewish infl. [PGM 1, 76 an ἄ. as a star fr. heaven; 4, 570ff; 998; 1112; 13, 329; 585; 609; 744]. Cp. the ins APF 3, 1906, 445 no. 67; 451 no. 94. The more common term in polytheistic lit. for beings intermediate between gods and humans is δαίμων [q.v.], which monotheistic writers reserved for reference to a realm hostile to God’s interests, while retaining the term ἄ. for intermediate beings, either those loyal to God or those in rebellion [s. c].)
    ⓐ as messengers of God, angels (LXX; Philo, Somn. 1, 190; transcendent messengers of the gods in Hom. are not intermediate beings. Yet the description of Hermes, the κῆρυξ τῶν θεῶν, as their ἄγγελος ἄριστος [Diod S 5, 75, 2] may have made it easier for Gr-Romans in general to understand ἄ. as God’s heavenly messenger; cp. the messenger of the god Men: EA 18, ’91 p. 92f, no. 2, 5f [lit.]) mostly w. gen.: κυρίου (Gen 16:10f al.) Mt 1:20; 2:13, 19; Lk 1:11; 2:9; Ac 5:19; 12:7, 23. τοῦ θεοῦ (Gen 31:11; 32:2 al.; Philo, Deus Imm. 1; Jos., Bell. 5, 388) Lk 12:8f; 15:10; J 1:51 (HWindisch, ZNW 30, ’31, 215–33; also s. below on Lk. 2:15). ἄ. θεοῦ (Gen 21:17 A; Judg 13:6 B; Jos., Ant. 1, 73; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 31, 18) Gal 4:14; Hb 1:6 (Ps 96:7; Dt 32:43); 1 Cl 29:2 (Dt 32:8). Abs. (Num 20:16; Judg 13:11; Tob 6:4ff al.) Lk 1:13, 18, 38; 2:10, 13, 15, 21; J 20:12; Ac 7:53; 1 Ti 3:16; 1 Pt 1:12 (in wordplay on the superiority of human beings to angels s. Sextus 32; on their status and classification s. also Orig., C. Cels. 4, 29, 16) al. ἅγιοι ἄ. (PGM 4, 1934, 1938) Mk 8:38; Lk 9:26; Ac 10:22; Rv 14:10; 1 Cl 39:7 (Job 5:1); Hv 2, 2, 7; ἐκλεκτοὶ ἄ. 1 Ti 5:21 (ἄ. as witnesses so TestLevi 19:3 and SIG 1181, 10=Dssm. LO 351–62 [LAE 413–24]; cp. Jos., Bell. 2, 401); ἄ. ἰσχυρός (cp. Da 4:13; Ps 102:20) Rv 5:2; 18:21. Their abode is heaven, and so they are ἄ. τῶν οὐρανῶν Mt 24:36 (unless οὐρ.=θεοῦ); ἄ. ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς Mk 12:25; ἄ. ἐν οὐρανῷ 13:32; ἄ. ἐξ οὐρανοῦ Gal 1:8, cp. Mt 22:30; 28:2; Lk 22:43. They return to heaven when they have fulfilled their mission on earth 2:15. Hence ἄ. φωτός (cp. SJCh 78, 17) 2 Cor 11:14; ἄ. φωταγωγοί B 18:1. There the good are united w. them after death Hv 2, 2, 7; Hs 9, 27, 3. They appear in dazzling light Lk 2:9; Ac 7:30 (Ex 3:2); ISm 6:1; cp. the ‘shining face’ of Ac 6:15; or in white garments J 20:12; cp. Mt 28:3; Lk 24:4. Called πνεύματα Hb 1:7; 1 Cl 36:3 (both after Ps 103:4). πνεύματα λειτουργικά serving spirits Hb 1:14. Their voice is like thunder J 12:29; γλῶσσαι τῶν ἀ. language of angels 1 Cor 13:1 (after the analogy of the languages of the gods, Plato in Clem. Al., Strom. 1, 143; cp. 2 Cor 12:4; Rv 14:2f; TestJob 48–50; GSteindorff, Apk. d. Elias: TU 17, 3a, 1899, 153). They bring messages fr. God to men Lk 1:11f; Mt 28:2ff, and were also active in the giving of the law νόμος διαταγεὶς διʼ ἀγγέλων Gal 3:19; cp. Ac 7:38, 53; Hb 2:2 (Jos., Ant. 15, 136 τῶν ἐν τοῖς νόμοις διʼ ἀγγέλων παρὰ τ. θεοῦ μαθόντων; cp. Did., Gen. 110, 15 κἂν γὰρ διὰ ὑπουργῶν ἀγγέλων ποιῇ ἃ βούλεται θεός). As guardian angels of individuals (Tob 5:6, 22; cp. PGM 1, 172ff; Ael. Aristid. 50, 57 K.=26 p. 519 D.: ὁ σὸς Ἑρμῆς ἐστιν, to whom Aristid. has been entrusted since his birth) Mt 18:10 (PBarry, ET 23, 1912, 182); Ac 12:15 (JMoulton, JTS 3, 1902, 514–27, ET 14, 1903, 5ff); Lk 4:10 (Ps 90:11); Hv 5:1f. They conduct the blessed dead into heaven Lk 16:22 (Hermes does this acc. to Pythag. [Diog. L. 8, 31]); instruct humans to do good Hv 3, 5, 4; δικαιοσύνης m 6, 2, 1 (ParJer 8:12); rejoice at the repentance of a sinner Lk 15:10; cp. the ἄ. τῆς μετανοίας Hm 12, 4, 7; 12, 6, 1 al. They preside over various realms ἄ. ὁ ἔχων ἐξουσίαν ἐπὶ τοῦ πυρός Rv 14:18; ἄ. τῶν ὑδάτων 16:5; the four winds 7:1. God assigns them διακόσμησις γῆς Pa (4) (cp. ἄγγελοι ἐπὶ τῶν ἐξουσιῶν GrBar 12:3). An angel, Thegri, rules the animal world Hv 4, 2, 4 (Synes., Ep. 57 p. 192b δαίμονες as leaders of the grasshoppers). ἄ. τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ προφητικοῦ m 11:9; τὸν ἄ. τὸν τιμωρητήν Hs 7:6; cp. ὁ ἄ. ὁ μέγας Hs 8, 4, 1.—As creator of the world AcPlCor 1:15. On ἄ. τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν Rv 1:20, cp. 2:1, 8, 12, 18; 3:1, 7, 14 (on the textual problems associated w. these vss. s. RCharles, ICC Comm. 1920, I, clvii; clxf; II 244; RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 42f) and s. on ἀστήρ.—Subordinate to Christ Mt 4:11; 13:41; 16:27; Hb 1:4ff (Ps 96:7; B-D-F §254, 2); 1 Pt 3:22; Rv 5:11f; glorify him J 1:51 (JFritsch “… videbitis … angelos Dei ascendentes …,” VD 37, ’59, 1–11). δώδεκα λεγιῶνας ἀ. Mt 26:53; μυριάσιν ἀ. Hb 12:22; cp. Rv 5:11. Seven principal angels (Tob 12:15) Rv 8:2, 6; 15:1, 6; 16:1; 17:1; 21:9 (GDix, The Seven Archangels and the Seven Spirits: JTS 28, 1927, 233–50). Six angels, created first, to whom the management of all creation is entrusted Hv 3, 4, 1. Angels at the Parousia Mt 24:31; 2 Th 1:7. Μιχαὴλ καὶ οἱ ἄ. αὐτοῦ Rv 12:7. Revered by people (Celsus 1, 26 Ἰουδαίους σέβειν ἀγγέλους; 5, 6) θρησκείᾳ τῶν ἀ. worship of angels Col 2:18; λατρεύειν ἀγγέλοις as a sign of Jewish piety PtK 2 p. 14, 26=Clem. Al., Strom. 6, 41 p. 452, 9. Christ as σεμνότατος ἄ. Hv 5:2; m 5, 1, 7; cp. ὁ ἅγιος ἄ. Hs 5, 4, 4 v.l.; ὁ ἔνδοξος ἄ. Hs 5, 4, 4; 7:1ff; 8, 1, 2. ὁ ἄ. κυρίου Hs 7:5; 8, 1, 2ff; called Michael in Hs 8, 3, 3, where it is to be noted that Michael was the guardian angel of God’s people (WLueken, D. Erzengel Michael 1900; MDibelius, Hdb. exc. on Hs 5, 6, 8 p. 575f).
    ⓑ intermediate beings gener., w. no ref. to their relation to God (opp. ἄνθρωποι; s. 2 above immediately before a) 1 Cor 4:9 (cp. TestJos 19:9 ἔχαιρον ἐπʼ αὐτῷ οἱ ἄγγελοι κ. οἱ ἄνθρωποι κ. πᾶσα ἡ γῆ).—Ro 8:38 ἄ. as serving spirit-powers seem to be differentiated fr. the ἀρχαί, who rule.
    ⓒ evil spirits (Lactant., Inst. 2, 15, 8 daemonas Trismegistus ἀγγέλους πονηρούς appellat. Cp. also Job 1:6; 2:1; Philo, Gig. 16; TestAsh 6:4; PGM 4, 2701; αἱ πονηραὶ δυνάμεις, διάβολος καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ Did., Gen. 45, 5; ADieterich, Nekyia 1893, 60f) τῷ διαβόλῳ καὶ τοῖς ἀγγέλοις αὐτοῦ Mt 25:41; cp. Rv 12:9. ὁ δράκων καὶ οἱ ἄ. αὐτοῦ vs. 7; ἄ. τῆς ἀβύσσου 9:11 (s. Ἀβαδδών); ἄ. πονηρός B 9:4; ἄ. τῆς πονηρίας in contrast to guardian angels Hm 6, 2, 1; ἄ. Σατανᾶ, which causes physical pain 2 Cor 12:7; esp. called ἄ. τρυφῆς καὶ ἀπάτης Hs 6, 2, 1f; leading men into evil B 18:1. Of the angels’ fall and their punishment (cp., in the opinion of many, Gen 6:2; En 6ff; 54; Book of Jubilees 5; SyrBar 56:13; LJung, Fallen Angels in Jewish, Christian, and Mohammedan Lit. 1926; ALods, Congr. d’Hist. du Christ. I 29–54) ὁ θεὸς ἀγγέλων ἁμαρτησάντων οὐκ ἐφείσατο 2 Pt 2:4; ἀ. τοὺς μὴ τηρήσαντας τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀρχήν who did not keep to their proper domain (s. ἀρχή 7) Jd 6. From the pass. already quoted above w. Gen. 6:2 (cp. also TestReub 5:3; Jos., Ant. 1, 73 ἄγγελοι θεοῦ γυναιξὶ συνιόντες; and polytheists’ concept of erotic desires of transcendent beings: HUsener, Weihnachtsfest2 1911, 74f; Rtzst., Poim. 228ff. Herr der Grösse 14f; and GJs 14:1) some conclude that the angels were subject to erotic desires; this is held to explain the regulation that women are to wear a veil in church services, since angels are present (cp. Origen, Orat. 31 and Ps 137:1 ἐναντίον ἀγγέλων ψαλῶ σοι) 1 Cor 11:10 (for another view and for the lit. s. ἐξουσία 7; s. also JFitzmyer, [Qumran angelology] NTS 4, ’57/58, 48–58; LJervis, JBL 112, ’93, 243–45: angels mediate God’s presence). In 6:3 οὐκ οἴδατε, ὅτι ἀγγέλους κρινοῦμεν; it is not certain whether only fallen angels are meant; θρησκείᾳ τῶν ἀ. worship of angels Col 2:18 polemicizes against what appears to be a type of gnostic reverence for angels. (On Qumran angelology s. Fitzmyer, cited above.)—OEverling, D. paulinische Angelologie u. Dämonologie 1888; Dibelius, Geisterwelt 1909; GKurze, D. Engels-u. Teufels-glaube d. Ap. Pls 1915; MJones, St Paul and the Angels: Exp. 8th ser., 16, 1921, 356–70; 412–25; EPeterson, D. Buch von den Engeln ’35; JMichl, D. Engelvorstellungen in Apk I ’37; ELangton, The Angel Teaching of the NT ’37; JBernardin, JBL 57, ’38, 273–79; ESchick, D. Botschaft der Engel im NT ’40; WMichaelis, Z. Engelchristol. im Urchristent. ’42; GHatzidakis, Ἄγγελος u. Verwandtes: SBWienAk 173, 1914.—B. 1486. DELG. DDD 81–96 (lit.). M-M. New Docs 5, 72f. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἄγγελος

  • 16 ἀνήρ

    ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός, ὁ (Hom.+, common in all the mngs. known to our lit.) a male person
    ① an adult human male, man, husband
    ⓐ in contrast to woman man (Pla., Gorg. 514e; X., Hell. 4, 5, 5 et al.) Mt 14:21; 15:38; Mk 6:44; Lk 9:14; J 1:13; Ac 4:4; 8:3, 12; 1 Cor 11:3, 7ff; Hm 5, 2, 2; 6, 2, 7; 12, 2, 1 al. Hence ἄνδρα γινώσκειν (יָדְעָה אִישׁ Gen 19:8; Judg 11:39) of a woman have sexual intercourse w. a man Lk 1:34 (cp. Just., D. 78, 3 ἀπὸ συνουσίας ἀνδρός). Esp. husband (Hom. et al.; Diod S 2, 8, 6; Sir 4:10; Jos., Ant. 18, 149; Ar. 12, 2; Fgm. Milne p. 74 ln. 3; Just., A II, 2, 5ff; for this shift from the general to the specific cp. our ‘that’s her man’, ‘my man’) Mt 1:16, 19; Mk 10:2, 12; Lk 2:36; J 4:16ff; Ac 5:9f; Ro 7:2f (Sb 8010, 21 [pap I A.D.] μέχρι οὗ ἐὰν συνέρχωμαι ἑτέρῳ ἀνδρί; PLond V, 1731, 16 [VI A.D.] κολλᾶσθαι ἑτέρῳ ἀνδρί); 1 Cor 7:2ff, 10ff; 14:35; Gal 4:27; Eph 5:22ff; Col 3:18f; 1 Ti 3:2, 12; 5:9; Tit 1:6 (on the four last ref. εἷς 2b, the comm. and JFischer, Weidenauer Studien 1, 1906, 177–226; comparison w. non-Christian sources in J-BFrey, Signification des termes μονάνδρα et Univira: RSR 20, 1930, 48–60; GDelling, Pls’ Stellung z. Frau u. Ehe ’31, 136ff; BEaston, Past. Epistles, ’47, 216ff; WSchulze, Kerygma und Dogma [Göttingen] 4, ’58, 287–300) 2:5; 1 Pt 3:1, 5, 7; Hm 4, 1, 4ff; 1 Cl 6:3; Pol 4:2; AcPl Ha 4, 5.—1 Ti 2:12 (cp. Ocellus Luc. c. 49: the wife wishes ἄρχειν τοῦ ἀνδρὸς παρὰ τὸν τῆς φύσεως νόμον). Even a bridegroom can be so called (cp. אִישׁ Dt 22:23) ὡς νύμφην κεκοσμημένην τῷ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς Rv 21:2. Freq. in address, esp. in formal assemblies: ἄνδρες men, gentlemen (X., An. 1, 4, 14; 1 Esdr 3:18; 4:14, 34) Ac 14:15; 19:25; 27:10, 21, 25. ἄνδρες ἀδελφοί (my esteemed) brothers (4 Macc 8:19; cp. X., An. 1, 6, 6 ἄ. φίλοι) Ac 15:7, 13; 23:1, 6; 28:17; 1 Cl 14:1; 37:1; 43:4; 62:1. AcPl Ha 6, 18; 7, 13; 8:9. ἀ. ἀδελφοὶ καὶ πατέρες Ac 7:2. Of soldiers (1 Macc 5:17; 16:15) οἱ ἄ. οἱ συνέχοντες αὐτόν the men who were holding him Lk 22:63.—In Ac 17:34 ἀνήρ appears to = ἄνθρωπος, but the term was probably chosen in anticipation of the contrasting γυνή (is Damaris the wife of one of the men?).
    ⓑ in contrast to boy (Tob 1:9; but ἀ. of a child IK VII/2, 14) ὅτε γέγονα ἀ. when I became a man 1 Cor 13:11. ἀ. τέλειος a full-grown man (X., Cyr. 1, 2, 4) Eph 4:13; in sense of maturity w. ethical component perfect Js 3:2 (s. 1dα).
    ⓒ used w. a word indicating national or local origin, calling attention to a single individual, or even individualizing the pl.; hence in address (X., An. 1, 7, 3 ὦ ἄ. Ἕλληνες; Jdth 4:9; 15:13; 1 Macc 2:23); the sg. is omitted in transl., the pl. rendered men, gentlemen (in direct address = esteemed people) of a certain place: ἀνὴρ Αἰθίοψ Ac 8:27 (X., An. 1, 8, 1 ἀ. Πέρσης; Palaeph. 5; Maximus Tyr. 5, 1a ἄ. Φρύξ; Tat. 6, 1 Βηρωσσὸς ἀ. Βαβυλώνιος); ἄ. Ἀθηναῖοι (Lysias 6, 8) 17:22; ἄ. Γαλιλαῖοι 1:11; ἄ. Ἐφέσιοι 19:35; AcPl Ha 1, 24; ἀ. Ἰουδαῖος Ac 10:28; ἄ. Ἰουδαῖοι (Jos., Ant. 11, 169) 2:14; ἄ. Ἰσραηλῖται (Jos., Ant. 3, 189) 2:22 (cp. vs. 22b of Jesus, in an adroit rhetorical ploy); 5:35; 13:16; 21:28; ἄ. Κορίνθιοι AcPlCor 2:26; ἄ. Κύπριοι καὶ Κυρηναῖοι Ac 11:20; ἀ. Μακεδών 16:9. (Cp. B-D-F §242.)
    ⓓ with focus on personal characteristics, either pos. or neg.
    α. used w. adj.: ἀ. ἀγαθός Ac 11:24; ἀ. ἀγαθὸς καὶ δίκαιος Lk 23:50 (cp. ἀνδραγαθία Aeschin., C. Ctesiph. 42 al.; δεδοκιμασμένοι ἄ. 1 Cl 44:2; cp. Tat. 38, 1 ἄ. δοκιμώτατος; δίκαιος Hm 4, 1, 3; 11, 9, 13f; δίκαιος καὶ ἅγιος Mk 6:20; ἀ. δίψυχος, ἀκατάστατος Js 1:8; ἀ. ἐλλόγιμος 1 Cl 44:3; ἀ. ἔνδοξος Hv 5:1; ἀ. εὐλαβής Ac 8:2; 22:12; ἀ. λόγιος 18:24; ἀ. μεμαρτυρημένος IPhld 11:1; ἀ. πιστὸς καὶ ἐλλογιμώτατος 1 Cl 62:3; ξένος AcPl Ox 6, 11 (= Aa I 241, 14); ἀ. πονηρός Ac 17:5 (PsSol 12:1f); ἀ. πραΰς D 15:1; ἀ. συνετός Ac 13:7 (Just., D. 2, 6); ἀ. φρόνιμος Mt 7:24; ἀ. μωρός vs. 26. ἀ. χρυσοδακτύλιος someone with gold rings on the fingers (satirical=‘Mr. Gold Rings’) Js 2:2. τέλειος ἀ. 3:2 (s. 1b).—Oft. in circumlocutions for nouns, somet. pleonastic (like Heb. אִישׁ) οἱ ἄ. τοῦ τόπου (Gen 26:7) the local residents Mt 14:35. ἀ. πλήρης λέπρας= a leper (in serious condition) Lk 5:12; ἀ. πλήρης πίστεως Ac 6:5, 11:24. ἀ. ἁμαρτωλός (Sir 12:14; 27:30 al.) a sinner Lk 5:8; 19:7.—In noun combinations (Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 12 p. 371a ἀ. μάγος; Chion, Ep. 14, 4 ἀ. δεσπότης; Maximus Tyr. 19, 2a ποιμὴν ἀ.) ἀ. προφήτης (Judg 6:8) a prophet 24:19. ἀ. πρεσβύτης (s. πρεσβύτης) MPol 7:2.
    β. w. special emphasis on courage or endurance, an aspect w. strong Homeric color (Hom. et al.; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 1, 16 p. 17, 2 [opp. ἄνθρωποι real ‘men’ in contrast to mere ‘people’]) of the apostles 1 Cl 6:1.—AcPl Ha 1, 25; 28.
    ② equiv. to τὶς someone, a person (Theognis 1, 199 Diehl2; X., Cyr. 2, 2, 22; Sir 27:7) Lk 9:38; 19:2; J 1:30; Ro 4:8 (Ps 32:2). Pl. some people (1 Macc 12:1; 13:34; Just., D. 108, 2 al.) Lk 5:18; Ac 6:11. ἀνήρ τις Lk 8:27; Ac 10:1. ἀνὴρ ὅς Lat. is qui (like אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר; cp. 1 Macc 7:7; PsSol 6:1; 10:1 and as early as Pind., P. 9, 87 ἀνήρ τις, ὸ̔ς …); Js 1:12. οἱ κατʼ ἄνδρα (Dio Chrys. 15 [32], 6; cp. κατʼ ἄνδρα καὶ οἶκον PsSol 9:5) man for man, individually IEph 4:2 (of presbyters, but s. JKleist, note ad loc., rank and file); 20:2; ITr 13:2; ISm 5:1; 12:2; IPol 1:3.
    ⓐ a figure of a man of heavenly beings who resemble men (SibOr 3, 137 the Titans are so called; Just., D.56, 5 [s. Gen. 18:2], 10 ἐν ἰδέᾳ ἀνδρός) GPt 9:36; 10:39.
    ⓑ of Jesus as the judge of the world, appointed by God: ὁ θεὸς … μέλλει κρίνειν τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐν ἀνδρὶ ᾧ ὥρισεν Ac 17:31 (cp. Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 19, 3 Minos is the ἀνήρ, ὸ̔ν ἀποδεικνύναι ἐμέλλετε κοινὸν ἀνθρώπων δικαστήν=whom you [Gods] intended to make the common judge of humanity).—On Jesus as θεῖος ἀνήρ figure, s. EKoskenniemi, Apollonius von Tyana in der neutestamentlichen Exegese ’94 (lit.).—MVock, Bedeutung u. Verwendung von ΑΝΗΡ u. ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ etc., diss. Freiburg 1928; HSeiler, Glotta 32, ’53, 225–36.—B. 81; 96. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀνήρ

  • 17 γόης

    A sorcerer, wizard, Phoronis 2, Hdt.2.33,4.105, Pl.R. 380d, Phld.Ir.p.29 W.;

    γ. ἐπῳδὸς Λυδίας ἀπὸ χθονός E.Ba. 234

    , cf. Hipp. 1038; prob. f.l. for βοῇσι Hdt.7.191.
    2 juggler, cheat,

    δεινὸς γ. καὶ φαρμακεὺς καὶ σοφιστής Pl.Smp. 203d

    ;

    δεινὸν καὶ γ. καὶ σοφιστὴν.. ὀνομάζων D.18.276

    ;

    ἄπιστος γ. πονηρός Id.19.109

    ;

    μάγος καὶ γ. Aeschin.3.137

    : [comp] Comp.

    γοητότερος Ach.Tat.6.7

     (s. v. l.). (Cf. Lith. žavēti 'incantare'.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > γόης

  • 18 ἀγορά

    ἀγορά, ᾶς, ἡ (ἀγείρω), 1) die Versammlung, des Volkes, im Ggstz der βουλή, der Edlen, Hom. Il. 2, 53–100 Od. 3, 127; und allgemein von der berathenden Volksversammlung, Hom. oft; selbst = βουλή, Il. 12, 211 u. 213; sie heißt βουληφόρος Odyss. 9, 112, κυδιάνειρα Iliad. 1, 490, πολύφημος Od. 2, 150; – ἀ. κινήϑη Il. 2, 144, τετρήχει Il. 2, 95, wie τετρηχυῖα 7, 345; – ἀγορὰς λύει ἠδὲ καϑίζει Od. 2, 69, λῠσαι ἀγορήν Il. 1, 305. 2, 808 Od. 2, 257; ἀγ. ϑέμενος, V. haltend, Od. 9, 171. 10, 189. 12, 319; auch ϑεῶν ἀγορὴν ποιήσατο Il. 8, 2; ἀ. γίγνεται Iliad. 7, 345. 18, 246. Das Volk wird durch Herolde berufen ( καλέσαι u. κικλήσκειν εἰς ἀγ.) u. sitzt gewöhnlich, Od. 8, 156, μετὰ πρώτῃ ἀγορῇ ἵζοντο Il. 19, 50, setzten sich vornan in der V.; doch wird Il. 18, 246 eine ἀγ. ἑσταότων erwähnt; – Her. 6, 58 ἀγορὴ δέκα ἡμερέων σφι ἵσταται; ἀγορὰς ποιεῖσϑαι erwähnt Harpocr. u. BA. 327 aus Hyperid., συνόδους erklärend; vgl. Xen. An. 5, 7, 2, στρατιωτῶν ἀγορὰν συνάγειν, συλλέγειν. – In Athen aber bezeichnet ἀγοραί, im Ggstz der ἐκκλησία, V. des ganzen Volkes, die V. der φράτορες u. der δημόται, Bezirks- (Wahl-) Verf., ἡ τῶν ἀρχόντων ἀγορά, daher B. A. p. 327 ἀγορά erkl. συνέδριον φυλετῶν ἢ δημοτῶν; ἀγορὰν τῶν φυλῶν ποιῆσαι Aesch. 3, 27. Spätere sagten μυρμήκων ἀγ., Luc. Icarom. 19; κυνῶν, wie Thom. Mag. irgendwo las; συῶν Philostr. Her. 4. – 2) das Reden in der Versammlung u. daher Beredsamkeit: ἀγορὰς ἀγορεύειν, Reden in der V. halten, Il. 2, 788; ἐπεσβόλον ἤσχ' ἀγοράων 2, 275; ἀγορῇ νικᾶν, an Beredsamkeit übertreffen, Il. 2, 370. 15, 283, u. dah. im Ggstz von μάχη Il. 4, 400, von πόνοι, Kriegsarbeit. Od. 4, 818, von πόλεμος Il. 9, 441. 18, 106. Aehnlich Solon κόσμον ἐπέων ᾡδὴν ἀντ' ἀγορῆς ϑέμενος; bei Her. 6, 11 ἀγοραὶ ἐγένοντο, es wurden Verhandlungen vorgenommen. – 3) der Qrt der Versammlung: ἵνα σφ' ἀγορή τε ϑέμις τε Il. 11, 807, Od. 6, 266, im plur. (statt des sing.) 8, 16. – Entscheidungen von Rechtshändeln in der ἀγορά erwähnt Hom. Il. 16, 387, ἐν ἀγ. κρίνειν ϑέμιστας, u. Od. 12, 439 ἀγορῆϑεν ἀνέστη κρίνων νείκεα πολλά. – Bei Soph. Trach. 635 ch. sind ἀγοραὶ πυλάτιδες, die Versammlungen. – 4) der Ort, wo die Vers. gehalten werden, ist zugleich der Platz für den öffentlichen und Geschäftsverkehr: εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν ἐμβάλλειν, in forum pro., dire; bes. von einem Grade der ἀτιμία, Lyc. 5; Aesch. 1, 164. 2, 148; Dem. Tim. 103. 165 ( εἰςιέναι ἐς τὴν ἀγ., 126); ἔξω τῶν περιῤῥαντηρίων τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἐξείργει 176; Aesch. 3, 176. So erklärt Suid. ἀγορᾶς ὥραν: οὐ τῶν πωλουμένων, ἀλλὰ τῶν ἄλλων πρά-ξεων τῶν κατ' ἀγοράν, u. man dachte bei ἀγορὰ πλήϑουσα, welches einesehr geläufige Zeitbestimmung (nach Suid. die dritte bis sechste Stunde des Tages, nach Lob. Phryn. 275 die vierte oder fünfte) wurde, nicht vorzugsweise an den Markt, sondern zunächst, wie Hippocr. πρὶν λυϑῆναι ἀγοράν, u. οὐκ ἂν ἐπανέλϑοιμι, πρὶν ἂν ἡ ἀγ. λυϑῇ, Xen. O. 12, 1, u. ἀγορῆς διάλυσις, Her. 3, 104 (Zeit um Mittag), mit den obigen Stellen des Hom. verglichen zeigen, an die Volksversammlungen. Zur Bestimmung dieser Tageszeit vgl. Her. 4, 181, wo ὄρϑρος, ἀγ. πλ., μεσημβρίη auf einander folgen; Xen. An. 1, 8, 1, wo der Tag in ἀγ. πλ., μέσον ἡμέρας u. δείλη, u. Mem. 1, 1, 10, wo er in πρωΐ, ἀγ, πλ., τὸ λοιπόν zerfällt; Ael. H. A. 1, 20, wo von den Cicaden gesagt wird τὰ δὲ ἐξ ἕω εἰς πλ. ἀγ. σιωπῶσιν· ἡλίου δὲ ὑπαρχομένου τῆς ἀκμῆς κελαδοῦσιν. Her. braucht dafür ἀγορῆς πληϑώρη, 2, 173 u. 7, 223; Xen. περὶ πλήϑουσαν ἀγ., An. 2, 1, 6; πρὶν ἀγορὰν πεπληϑέναι Phereer. B. A. 338 (vgl. πλήϑω). Uebrigens bezeichnet auch Plat. Gorg. 469 d mit ἐν ἀγορᾷ πληϑούσῃ eine Menschenmenge. – Marktplatz übh. bei Aesch. Spt. 254, ϑεοὶ ἀγορᾶς ἐπίσκοποι (vgl. ἀγοραῖος); Soph. Trach. 371 O. R. 161; Xen. πόλις ναοῖς καὶ ἀγοραῖς κατεσκευασμένη Hiero 11, 2; cf. Hell. 4, 4, 3. 7, 8, 8; dahin gehört auch ἐλευϑέρα ἡ ἀγ., Cyr. 1, 2, 3. – Von dem σχολάζειν ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ, Xen. O. 7, 1, kommt περίτριμμα ἀγορᾶς Dem. 18, 127, u. πονηρὸς κἀξ ἀγορᾶς εἶ Arist. Equitt. 180, wie 282 ἐν ἀγορᾷ τέϑραμμαι. – Als Ort für die Processe, δικῶν ἀγ., Luc. Bis. acc. 4, 12; ἐν τῇ τῶν ἀρχόντων ἀγορᾷ Dem. 44, 36; ἀρετὴν ὤνιον ὥςπερ ἐξ ἀγ. προτιϑέναι Luc. Nigr. 25; πρίασϑαι ἐξ ἀγ, adv. Ind. 4. – Dah. 5) der Markt, wie Her. 7, 23 ἀγ. καὶ πρητήριον verb.; ἐξ ἀγορᾶς πρίασϑαι Xen. O. 8, 22 u. Sp.; Plut. Pericl. 16; ἐν ἀγορᾷ πωλεῖν καὶ ἀποδίδοσϑαι Xen. Conv. 4, 41. 8, 21; ἡ ἀγορὰ ἦν ἐν τῷ βαρβαρικῷ στρατεύματι An. 1, 3, 14; 5, 12; οἱ ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς, die Händler, 1, 2, 18; ἐξ ἀγορᾶς ὠνήσομαι λύχνον Hermipp. com. bei Phot. v. στίλβη. – Plut. übersetzt die röm. nundinae ἀγοραί, Coriol. 19. – 6) die verkäuflichen Sachen, bes. Lebensmittel, so oft bei Com. εὔοψος ἀγορά, und Xen. ἄγειν, Cyr. 2, 4. 10 An. 5, 7, 18; ανασκευάζειν, Lebensmittel herbeischaffen, um sie zu verkaufen, 6, 2, 5, wie παρασκευάζειν Ag. 1, 14 Hell. 3, 4, 11; vgl. ἡ ἀγ. παρεσκευάσϑη Thuc. 7, 40; δέχεσϑαί τινα ἀγορᾷ 6, 44, Einem erlauben zu kaufen; ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾷς ἤζων, von gekauften L. leben, Xen. An. 6, 1, 1; κομίζειν ἐνταῠϑα, hieher schaffen, Cyr. 6, 2, 3; παρέχειν An. 2, 3, 13; oft Thuc. 6, 50, L. zum Kauf darbieten; ἀγορᾷ χρῆσϑαι Xen. An. 7, 6, 17, wo nachher dafür ὤνια steht; αἱ ἀγοραὶ ἀφίκοντο, L. kamen an, 6, 6, 2. Ebenso Plut. für das lat. annona, ἀγορὰν ἐπευωνίσαι, wohlfeil machen, Coriol. 20; C. Graech. 5; περικόπτειν Lucull. 26 Cic. 8 Pomp. 19; ἀγ. οὐδεμία παρῆν Xen. An. 6, 4, 11; ἱκανή 5, 1, 4; ἀγορᾷ ἀναγκαίᾳ χρῆσϑαι, spärlich, Plut. Brut. 47; φιλανϑρώπῳ χρῆσϑαι, erträglich, wohlfeil, Coriol. 16; ἀγορᾶς ἀφϑονία, Getreidefülle, Pomp. 27; εὐπέτεια Nic. 20; εὐπορίαν παρέχειν Crass. 20. Allgemeiner sagt Arist. Oec. 2, 8 σῖτον, οὶνον καὶ τὴν ἄλλην ἀγοράν, Waare, wie die VLL. auch ὤνια erkl. – 7) der Verkauf, εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν πλάττειν, für den Verkauf arbeiten, Dem. 4, 26; ἀγ. παρϑένων προκηρύττειν Ael. V. H. 4, 1; allgemein, Handel, τὴν ἀγορὰν μὴ ἀδικεῖν Xen. Cyr. 4, 5, 14; Vect. 4, 40 ἀγ. αὐξάνεται, Waarenzoll; ἀγορὰς καρποῦσϑαι Dem. 1, 22. – 8) nach Hes., B. A. u. Galen. hieß bei den Thessaliern der Hafen ( λιμήν) ἀγορά. – Nach Tzetzes zu Schol. ad Hes. O. 29 auch = νόμισμα, was sich vielleicht auf Stellen, wie sie Poll. las, bezieht, 1, 57, ἀξιωτάτης τῆς ἀγορᾶς τοῦ σίτου οὔσης, bei wohlfeilen Getreidepreisen. – 9) in LXX. Straße, Tob. 2, 3, u. a., dah. auch N. T. – Poll. u. Zonaras führen 7 Bedeutungen an, πωλητήριον, βουλευτήριον, πλῆϑος ἐν ἀμφοῖν, λαλιαὶ ἐν ἀμφ., λαλιὰ καταχρηστικῶς ( in universum), τὸ ἀγοραζόμενον, νόμισμα.

    Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > ἀγορά

  • 19 ἀλαζὠν

    ἀλαζὠν, όνος, ὁ (ἄλη, aber nicht compos. mit ζἀω, eigtl. Herumzieher, Landstreicher); dah. ( Eusth. πᾶς ὁ πλάνην ἑαυτοῦ ἀφηγούμενος) Marktschreier, Prahler, der betrügerisch aufschneidet und mehr zu wissen vorgiebt, mehr zu thun verspricht, als er wirklich weiß und thut; nach Arist. Eth. Nic. 4, 7 προςποιητικὸς τῶν ἐνδόξων καὶ μὴ ὑπαρχόντων καὶ μειζόνων ἢ ὑπάρχει, im Ggstz von εἴρων, w. m. s., u. VLL. ὑπερήφανος, κομπαστής; neben σοφιστής Plat. Eryx. 399 c; neben πονηρός Demod. 385 c.; Theophr. Char. 23; Xen. Cyr. 2, 2, 5 ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἀλαζὼν ἔμοιγε δοκεῖ ὄνομα κεῖσϑαι ἐπὶ τοῖς προςποιουμένοις καὶ πλουσιωτέροις εἶναι ἢ εἰσὶ καὶ ποιήσειν ἃ μὴ ἱκανοί εἰσιν ὑπισχνουμένοις. – Auch adj., ἡδονὴ ἁπάντων ἀλαζονέστατον Plat. Phil. 65 c (Stallb. ἀλαζονίστατον nach mss. und Eust. p. 1441); ἀλαζόνες λόγοι, Lügenreden, Rep. VIII, 560 c; Phaed. 92 d; ἡ ἀλ. γυνή Plut. Per. 12.

    Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > ἀλαζὠν

  • 20 ἀλλό-κοτος

    ἀλλό-κοτος, ον (nach E. M. für ἀλλότοκος, anders entstanden, andere von κότος in allgemeiner Bdtg von ἦϑος, wie ὀργή, VLL. ἐναντίον, ξένον, ἐξηλλαγμένον), anders beschaffen, entgegengesetzt, Soph. Phil. 1176 ἀλλ. γνώμη τῶν πάρος, anders als gewöhnlich, ungewöhnlich; ὄνομα Plat. Theaet. 182 a; wie insolens, Rep. VI, 487 d, als milderer Ausdruck für πονηρός; ῥήματα χαλεπὰ καὶ ἀλλ. Hipp. mai. 292 c. Dah. unnatürlich, widerwärtig, πατήρ Prot. 346 a; τόποι ἀλλ. καὶ ἀναίσιοι Legg. V, 747 d; πρᾶγμα ἀλλ., ein schreckliches Geschäft, Thuc. 3, 49. So Plut. τῆς τιμωρίας τὸ ἀλλ. καὶ βαρύ Cor. 18; δαιμόνων φάσματα Num. 8 u. 15, wo noch φοβερά dabei steht; ἀνὴρ ἀλλ. καὶ ἀγροικός, wunderlicher Mensch, Sol. 27. Häufig bei Sp. Superl. aus Plat. com. B. A. 378. – Adv. - τως, ungewöhnlich, λέγειν Plat. Lys. 216 a.

    Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > ἀλλό-κοτος

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См. также в других словарях:

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  • εξάγιστος — ἐξάγιστος, ον (Α) 1. (για πρόσ. και άψυχα) επάρατος, καταραμένος, πονηρός, αχρείος («καὶ τὸν λιμένα τὸν ἐξάγιστον καὶ ἐπάρατον», Αισχίν.) 2. (για πράγμ.) μολυσμένος, ακάθαρτος («ἀσκοὶ ἐξάγιστοι», επιγρ.) 3. αυτός που αναφέρεται στη θρησκεία («ἅ δ …   Dictionary of Greek

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  • κουτσονούρης — και κουτσουνούρης και κουτσονόρης, α, ικο, θηλ. κουτσονούρα και κουτσονόρα, κουτσονόρισσα 1. αυτός που έχει κομμένη ουρά, κολοβός, 2. φρ. «κουτσονόρα αλεπού» επιτήδειος και πονηρός άνθρωπος. [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < κουτσο * + ούρης (< ουρά), οπότε το ν… …   Dictionary of Greek

  • τσαχπίνης — και τσακπίνης, α, ικο, Ν 1. πονηρός, κατεργάρης 2. σκερτσόζος, ναζιάρης και ερωτιάρης 3. καταφερτζής. [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < τουρκ. capkin] …   Dictionary of Greek

  • αγέννητος — και γος, η, ο (Α ἀγέννητος, ον) αυτός που δεν γεννήθηκε, που δεν υπάρχει νεοελλ. 1. αυτός που δεν γεννήθηκε από άλλον, ο αυθύπαρκτος 2. αυτός που δεν γέννησε ακόμη 3. το αρσ. ως ουσ. ο αγέννητος α) ο διάβολος β) πανούργος, πονηρός άνθρωπος αρχ. 1 …   Dictionary of Greek

  • μπερμπάντης — και μπιρμπάντης, ο, θηλ. ισσα 1. γυναικάς, ακόλαστος 2. φαύλος, αχρείος 3. γλεντζές 4. έξυπνος, τετραπέρατος, τσαχπίνης, πονηρός. [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < ιταλ. birbante] …   Dictionary of Greek

  • μπερτόδουλος — και μπερτόλδος, ο πονηρός χωρικός. [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Από το όν. Μπερτόδουλος / Μπερτόλδος (βλ. λ. μπερτοδουλισμός)] …   Dictionary of Greek

  • Differences between codices Sinaiticus and Vaticanus — Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus, two of great uncial codices, representatives of the Alexandrian text type, are considered excellent manuscript witnesses of the text of the New Testament. Most critical editions of the Greek New Testament… …   Wikipedia

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